本草类书籍与《滇南本草》历代药图演变评述

History of Herbal Illustrations in Diannan Materia Medica

本草学是东方医药学的重要标志。在生境中辨识药用植物是本草学的重点,本草著作在对药用植物进行描述的同时,基于知识传授的实际需要,会配以药图帮助学者掌握该药材的特点以方便识别。药图在发展过程中逐渐从本草著作的附属成为独立的册页,其科学和艺术价值也日益凸显,然而其重要性并没有被太多研究者重视,尤其将药图研究的视野从传统医药扩展至文化史、艺术史、美学和文化资源学等领域的研究成果更是鲜有。本文从本草学和本草图谱的演变发展历史为线索,以云南地域本草的杠鼎之作《滇南本草》各时期版本中代表性药图作为研究对象,对比《本草纲目》等几种代表性本草著作中的药图,结合文化和艺术史相关知识,初步梳理《滇南本草》各历史时期药图的特点,分析其演变原因和具体社会条件,尝试从历史角度理解和归纳这些不同时期和版本药图的发展变化呈现的特点并揭示我们今天研究和利用中国传统药图这一重要文化资源的意义和价值。

Herbalism is characterized with Oriental medicine and pharmacy and recognition and differenciation of herbals in their growing environment is the most important in herbalism.Traditionally,herbal illustrations function as visual description of herbalism works and they are auxiliaries and assistance for readers to recognize characteristics of herbal plants.In the evolution process,herbal illusions develop into independent books from its original usage.The scientific and artistic figures are more and more prominent,but the importance of herbal illustrations has not been paid much attention to.Especially,the research results that extend the research field of herbal illustrations to the history of art,history of cultural industry and aesthetics has not seen.This paper starts from the historical evolution of atlas in Diannan Materia Medica from different versions in different historical periods,sorts out the characteristics of representative herbal illusions and analyzes the reasons for its evolution,summarizes historical rules and regulations behind them.As an attempt to study this field with the history of art,the history of cultural industry and aesthetic method,this study reveals some valuable information in herbal illusions.