中国国土空间人居环境风貌优化理论与方法研究

On the Theory and Method of the Optimization of Human Settlement Features in China’s Territorial Space

聚焦国土空间人居环境风貌优化问题,创立体系化人居风貌理论、制定评价标准指标体系、寻找综合协同实现路径。依据风景园林三元论提出风貌自然人文生态、人民文化心态和国土景观形态的三元;基于中国哲学传统,构建起国土人居环境风貌“三元耦合”ד二元互动”ד主客合一”的哲学体系;进而构建起以“风貌三态”为核心的国土空间人居环境风貌三轴六向一体化理论与应用体系。从而将风貌优化问题转化为“风貌三元”的“三元耦合”及风貌客观构成与风貌主观感受的“二元互动”,最终力求实现风貌的主观愿望与客观实际相辅相成、协同融合,即风貌的“主客合一”。以人居环境地方性风貌优化为研究对象,以“自然性”“适宜性”和“优美性”作为“风貌三态”的评价标准,通过文献梳理、案例分析、实地调研,选取了18种典型的地方性国土空间人居环境风貌,并将其划分为9组类型进行比较,构建了由“3准则、9维度、27项指标”组成的风貌评价标准与指标体系。以此对标,分析提出了国土空间人居环境风貌面临的基本问题,为国土空间人居环境风貌优化及管控提出了优化策略与风貌自然人文生态保护、风貌人民感受心态引导和风貌优美形态营造的三大路径。

Focusing on the theory and method of the optimization of human settlement features in territorial space in China,this paper created a systematic theory of human settlement features,developed a system of evaluation criteria and indicators,and searched for a comprehensive and synergistic path to realization.Based on the triadic theory of landscape architecture it presented the triad of natural and human ecology,people’s cultural mentality,and territory landscape form.Referring to China’s philosophical tradition,this paper built a philosophical system for the optimization of human settlement features of"triadic coupling","binary interaction",and"subject-object unity".Furthermore,it established an integrated theory and application system of three axes and six directions of human settlement features in territorial space with the"three forms of features"at the core.Thus,the optimization of features was transformed into the"triadic coupling"of"feature triad"and the"binary interaction"between the objective composition of and subjective perception of features.In doing so,it achieved the complementary and collaborative integration of the subject and object of features,namely"subject-object unity".With the local optimization of human settlement features as a key object,and the"three forms of features"of"naturalness","appropriateness"and"elegance"as evaluation criteria,through literature review,case analysis,and field research,this paper conducted a comparative study of eighteen typical human settlement features,which were selected and divided into nine groups.An evaluation index system of"three criteria,nine dimensions and twentyseven items of features"was built.An analysis was then made to identify basic defects of human settlement features in territorial space,and propose strategies to optimize human settlement features in China’s territorial space,and the three major paths of the natural,cultural and ecological protection of features,the guidance of people’s mentality towards the perception of features,and the creation of beautiful forms of features.