常见有毒蘑菇毒素检测方法研究进展

Research Advances on Detection Method of Common Mushroom Toxins

蘑菇是倍受人们喜爱且具有丰富营养的大型真菌。蘑菇种类繁多,部分蘑菇含有蘑菇毒素,人们误食后会发生食物中毒。据统计,全世界每年接近100人因误食野生毒菇而丧生,其中中国和欧洲的死亡人数至少占50%以上。蘑菇中毒已成为我国最严重的食品安全问题,占所有食物中毒死亡人数的一半。研究蘑菇毒素的灵敏、快速检测技术,对引起食物中毒的毒源鉴定以及后续对患者的对症治疗具有重要意义。本文综述了常见有毒蘑菇的毒素种类、性质,介绍化学显色法、免疫法及质谱-色谱联用技术等蘑菇毒素检测方法,为研发针对有毒蘑菇的更简便、快捷的检测方法提供思路。

Mushroom is part of the most popular large fungi with rich nutritional value.However,there are many kinds of mushrooms,some of which contain mushroom toxin,which can lead to food poisoning incidents after people eat them by mistake.Depending on statistics,nearly 100 people die each year from ingesting wild poisonous mushrooms worldwide,among which China and Europe account for at least 50%of the deaths.Mushroom poisoning has become one of the most serious food safety problems in China,accounting for half of all food poisoning death.It is very important to study the sensitive and rapid detection technology of mushroom toxin for the identification of the source of food poisoning and the subsequent symptomatic treatment of the patients.In this paper,the types and properties of common toxic mushroom toxins were reviewed,and the detection methods of mushroom toxins such as chemical colorimetry,immunoassay and mass spectroscopy-chromatography were introduced,providing ideas for the development of a more convenient and rapid detection method for toxic mushroom.