民国高校学位服使用考论

The Use of Academic Dresses in Chinese Universities during 1912-1949

以民国报刊杂志为资料来源,考察民国高校对学位服的接受史。在强制规定缺位、传统文化式微和学习西方服饰礼仪的时代背景下,学位服由教会大学引入,满足了大学毕业的仪式需要,并通过模仿和规范机制扩散到众多非教会私立大学和个别公立大学。受学校性质和办学理念等因素的影响,民国高校对西式学位服的态度复杂,有欣然接受者,有改造利用者,有借用者,也有拒绝者。中国高校应增强文化自觉,以优秀传统文化资源设计中国式学位服,并确保学位服的独特性和辨识度,以回应扎根中国大地办大学、提升民族自尊和文化自信的时代要求。

Academic dresses are an important element of university culture.However,there is little research on how this exotic item made its way into Chinese universities.Drawing archival data from Chinese Periodical Full-text Database,this paper investigates how western academic dresses spread in Chinese colleges and universities during 1912-1949.In the absence of compulsory regulations,the decline of traditional culture,and the trend of learning from western society,western academic dresses met the ceremonial needs of commencement.They were first introduced by missionary universities,and spread to numerous non-missionary private universities and some public universities under the mimetic and normative mechanism.Influenced by the nature,educational philosophy,and other factors,Chinese universities’attitudes towards western academic dresses varied—some accepted them,some reformed them,some borrowed them,and even some rejected them.Chinese universities should enhance their cultural consciousness and strengthen the Chinese characteristics of academic dresses with excellent traditional cultural resources,and ensure the uniqueness and identification of academic dresses,so as to establish world-renowned China-rooted universities and enhance national pride and confidence.