调亏灌溉对滴灌核桃树生长发育及产量的影响

Effects of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on Growth,Development and Yield of Walnut Under Drip Irrigation

为了探究滴灌条件下,不同调亏灌溉对核桃树生长、高产的影响,通过核桃树的生长指标及产量的变化,从而得到最优的调亏灌溉制度。试验共设置了3次水平(ET_(0)、75%ET_(0)、50%ET_(0)),共5个处理,每个处理3次重复,其中W0是对照组(CK);W1是Ⅱ期及Ⅲ期进行连续的中度、轻度调亏;W2是Ⅱ期进行轻度调亏;W3和W4是在Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期及Ⅲ期进行连续的中度、轻度调亏。试验发现W3处理对新梢增长抑制程度最大,与W0相比在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期末分别减少了14.7%、28.93%、18.33%。在Ⅱ期轻度调亏对该生育期叶片细胞损伤最小,在后期正常灌水SPAD值可以恢复正常水平,其他处理则不能恢复正常水平。在Ⅱ期末,各个处理的果实纵横径及体积由大到小表现为:W3>W1>W4>W2>W0,生育期末则表现为W2>W0>W4>W1>W3。通过对不同调亏处理下的生长特性指标及产量的综合研究,确定出W2处理可以起到修枝增产的效果。

In order to explore the effects of different regulated deficit irrigation on walnut growth and high yield under drip irrigation,the optimal regulated deficit irrigation system was obtained through studying the changes of walnut growth index and yield.A total of three levels(ET_(0),75%ET_(0),50%ET_(0))were set in this experiment,with a total of five treatments,each with three replicates.Among them,W0 was the control group(CK),W1 was a continuous moderate and mild regulated deficit in stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ,W2 was stageⅡwith mild dysregulation,W3 and W4 were continuous moderate and mild dysregulated in stagesⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ.It was found that W3 treatment had the greatest inhibition on shoot growth,which was reduced by 14.7%,28.93% and 18.33% compared with W0 at the end of Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ,respectively.Mild regulated deficit at stage Ⅱ had the least damage to leaf cells at this growth stage,and SPAD value could return to normal level in the later stage under normal irrigation,but not under other treatments.At the end of Ⅱ,the longitudinal and transverse diameter and volume of fruits in each treatment were as follows:W3>W1>W4>W2>W0,and at the end of the growth period,it showed W2>W0>W4>W1>W3.Through the comprehensive study of the growth characteristic index and yield under different deficit regulation treatments,it was determined that W2 treatment could play the effect of pruning and increasing the yield.