基于综合生长评价体系的番茄亏缺灌溉制度研究

Study on Deficit Irrigation System of Tomato Based on Comprehensive Growth Evaluation System

为研究亏缺灌溉对秋冬茬设施番茄生理、生长、品质和水分利用效率的影响,以“盛丰5号”为试材开展番茄亏缺灌溉试验。在番茄花果期至采收期实施0~4次灌水(分别对应处理T1、T2、T3、T4、T5)栽培试验,观测了设施内空气温、湿度及土壤含水量数据,利用层次分析法(AHP)的形式构建番茄综合生长评价体系,一级指标为生理、生长、品质和水分利用效率指标,生理指标包括净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、叶片含氮量、叶绿素;生长指标包括根冠比、生物量;品质指标包括番茄红素、Vc、总糖、可滴定酸;水分利用效率指标包括WUE_(y)、WUE_(b),利用熵权法对二级指标进行权重计算,并使用TOPSIS评价法进行排序。在生理指标评价体系中,T3的相对接近度0.769最接近理想解;在生长指标评价体系中,T1的相对接近度0.555最接近理想解;在果品品质评价体系中,T5相对接近度0.617,可认为是表现最优处理;水分利用效率指标体系中,T1为最优处理。利用模糊Borda评价法对一级评价指标的评价序值和排名信息进行组合评价,T1~T5模糊Borda得分依次为8.87、4、5.14、5.77、5.15。结果显示,定植水后除追施水溶肥时少量灌水,秋冬茬设施番茄花果期至采收期0水处理不仅可以使植株生长良好,同时显著提高了水分利用效率,在番茄综合生长评价体系中表现最优。该灌溉制度有效减少了河北地区秋冬茬设施番茄用水量,实现了农业提质增效。

In order to study the effects of deficit irrigation on physiology,growth,quality and water use efficiency of greenhouse tomato production during autumn and winter,a deficit irrigation experiment was carried out with‘Shengfeng No.5’tomato as experimental material.From flowering and fruit stage to harvest stage,0~4 times irrigation were taken on the experimental materials respectively,corresponding to treatments T1,T2,T3,T4 and T5.The data of air temperature,humidity and soil water content in the greenhouse was observed and recorded,and the comprehensive evaluation system of tomato growth was constructed by using analytic hierarchy process(AHP).The first-class indexes are physiology index,growth index,quality index and index of water use efficiency(WUE).The physiological index includes net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,leaf nitrogen content and chlorophyll.The growth index includes root-shoot ratio and biomass.The quality index includes lycopene,Vc,total sugar and titratable acid.And the WUE index includes WUE_(y) and WUE_(b).The entropy weight method was applied to calculate the weight of secondary indexes,and the TOPSIS evaluation method was applied to sort them.In the physiological index evaluation system,the relative proximity of T3 was 0.769,which was the closest to the ideal solution.The relative proximity of T1 was 0.555 in the evaluation system of growth index,and it was the closest to the ideal solution.In the fruit quality evaluation system,the relative proximity of T5 was 0.617,which could be considered as the best treatment.And in the WUE index,T1 was the best treatment.This research applied Fuzzy Borda method to evaluate the order value and ranking information of the first-class indexes,and the fuzzy Borda scores of T1~T5 wee 8.87,4,5.14,5.77 and 5.15,respectively.The results showed that no water treatment from flowering and fruit stage to harvest stage(except for the first watering and water applied in water-soluble fertilizer)of greenhouse tomato production during autumn and winter could not only make the plant grow well,but also significantly improved the water use efficiency,which had the best performance in the comprehensive growth evaluation system of tomatoes.This irrigation treatment system effectively reduced the water consumption of greenhouse tomato production during autumn and winter in Hebei province,and realized the improvement of quality and efficiency in agriculture.