构建全国统一大市场的四个经验教训

党的十八大以来,我国在产权保护、市场准入、公平竞争、社会信用等市场基础制度建设方面取得了长足的进步,为统一大市场建设奠定了良好的基础。2022年4月10日,《中共中央国务院关于加快建设全国统一大市场的意见》(以下简称《意见》)发布。《意见》要求强化市场基础制度规则统一、推进市场设施高标准联通、打造统一的要素和资源市场、推进商品和服务市场高水平统一、推进市场监管公平统一、进一步规范不当市场竞争和市场干预行为。然而,《意见》出台已有时日,各方讨论仍在继续,有观点认为这是在大变革时代中国实现高质量发展的重要着力点,也有人担忧其是否意味着“重回计划经济”。正是因为有那么多观点迥异的解读,我们组织了一次笔谈,邀请国内优秀青年学者就《意见》中涉及的相关内容进行“正本清源式”的解读与剖析。这些观点有的涉及到“何谓统一大市场”,有的涉及到“加快建设全国统一大市场的背景与内在必要性”,有的结合历史改革总结了“经验教训”并给出进一步改革探索的思路,还有的结合自己研究分别从财政激励、竞争政策、能源统一大市场建设以及数据要素市场建设等方面阐述了各自的观点。我们期望通过此次笔谈,凝练对“加快建设全国统一大市场”的广泛共识,推动相关研究不断深入。

On April 10, 2022, the "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Accelerating the Construction of a Large National Market"(hereinafter referred to as the "Opinions") were released. The "Opinions" call for strengthening the unification of basic market systems and rules, promoting high-standard connectivity of market facilities, creating a unified market for factors and resources, promoting high-level unification of commodity and service markets, promoting fair and unifying market supervision, and further regulating unfair market competition and market intervention. However, it has been a while since the "Opinions" were released, and discussions are still ongoing. Some people believe that this is an important focus for China to achieve high-quality development in the current era of great changes. Some people worry about whether it means "return to Planned Economy". It is precisely because there are so many interpretations with different viewpoints that we organized a conversation by writing and invited outstanding young scholars in China to interpret and analyze the relevant content involved in the "Opinions" in an "original and clear source" style. Some of these views relate to "what is a unified large market", some relate to "the background and inherent necessity of accelerating the construction of a national unified large market", and some summarize "experience and lessons" based on historical reforms and give how to do it further Some of them expounded their views from the aspects of financial incentives, competition policy, the construction of a unified energy market and the construction of the data element market based on their own research. We hope that through this conversation by writing, we can condense the consensus on "accelerating the construction of a unified national market" and promote relevant research to be in-depth.