“元宇宙”的规制理论构建及中国方案

Theoretical Construction of Metaverse Regulation and Chinese Solution

“元宇宙”风险源于共识瓦解、体验扩张、虚拟泛化、技术瑕疵、认知不足、理念滞后和监管缺位等因素。传统网络空间治理的各项法律机制虽仍有延伸适用空间,但若不同“元宇宙”的内部秩序相勾连,则无法彻底消除其风险盲维。因应技术发展与嬗变,未来法律规制应当充分把握“元宇宙”各主体因持续互动和反复博弈而不断形成的动态均衡,在理念上完成“节点—全局”“臆想—理性”“单向—多维”“碎片—体系”的认知迭代,并以公共利益为基准、整体安全为导向、有效监管为目标,构建良法善治的“元宇宙”规制框架。法律规则的实证化有赖于多元制度体系的因势利导,监管主体在兼顾科技创新、平衡各方法益的同时,还应着力实现虚拟空间和现实世界间实体法律和社群规范的耦合联动。

Potential risks of the Metaverse(Meta Universe) derive mainly from the collapse of consensus,experience expansion, unchecked digitalization, technical defects, cognitive deficiency, outdated concepts and lack of supervision. The legal mechanisms of traditional cyberspace governance which still have room for extension and application cannot fully eliminate the risks of their“blind dimensions”if they are not in agreement with the internal order of the Metaverse. With the development and evolution of technologies, policy makers should fully understand the dynamic equilibrium gradually formed in the process of constant interaction and repeated gaming among the subjects of Metaverse, and accomplish conceptually the cognitive transformation from point to whole, from fantasy to rationality, from unidirection to multidimension and from fragments to system. Meanwhile, they should construct a Metaverse regulatory framework of good law and sound governance setting public interests as the baseline, overall safety as the guidance and effective supervision as the goal.