“元宇宙”安全风险的法律规制路径:从假想式规制到过程风险预防

The Approach of Legal Regulation to Security Risks of Metaverse:From Hypothetical Regulation to Procedural Risk Prevention

“元宇宙”概念的提出彻底改变了信息技术的未来图景,虚拟世界与现实世界的交融势必会对现有的权利义务关系提出新的挑战。但是,技术创新并不当然意味着专门立法或特别监管,“法律应当专门规制‘元宇宙’安全风险”的制度建构性主张正模糊了法律基本功能的范畴。从早期的大数据、云计算安全监管,到当下的算法规制和数据安全保护,再到未来“元宇宙”的治理体系,法律对技术创新的回应方式不应当是建立在纯粹假想风险的基础上,而是应当以权利义务内容是否发生真正变化为出发点。依据“元宇宙”现阶段的发展特征,可能存在的安全风险并没有超过现有的社会风险类型,故而“元宇宙”安全风险的规制思路依然应当遵循法律回应技术的一般立场,即以过程风险预防为核心,重新解释现有法律条款的基本概念和适用方式。

The initiating of the concept of Metaverse(meta-universe) has completely changed the future landscape of information technology. Accordingly, the fusion of virtual and real world is bound to pose new problems to the existing relationships between rights and obligations. However, technological innovation does not necessarily mean targeted legislation or special supervision. Institutional constructionists hold that“special law should be formulated to regulate the safety risks of the meta-universe”, which is blurring the scope of the basic functions of laws. From the supervision of early big data and cloud computing security, to the regulation of the current algorithm and protection of data security, and to the governance system of future Metaverse, legal responses to technological innovation should not be based on purely hypothetical risks, but on whether the contents of rights and obligations have actually changed. Judging from the development traits of Metaverse at the current stage, the potential security risks have not gone beyond the existing social risk types. Therefore, in regulating Metaverse security risks, we should stick to the general position of legal responses to technologies by centering on procedural risk prevention and reinterpreting the basic concepts of existing legal provisions and their application means.