治理文艺,抑或文艺治理?——马克思主义文艺制度思想辨疑

Governance of Literature and Art, or Governance Through Literature and Art?——Analysis on the Marxist Thought on Literary and Artistic System

马克思、恩格斯认为,人类制度发展与更替始终伴随着意识形态领域的制度化过程,文艺制度是此制度化过程的必然结果。马克思、恩格斯之后的无产阶级革命家、理论家认识到,文艺制度建设的终极目的并非治理文艺,而在于文艺治理,文艺制度建设的必要性即在于文艺治理的特殊性。因此,先进的文艺制度应以无产阶级政党为组织形式、以文艺政策与文艺活动机制为导引、以教育与学习为内在规约,着重培育以文艺知识分子为施行主体的革命的文艺治理体系。总体来看,文艺制度思想是马克思主义制度学说的重要组成部分,经由文艺制度建设达致文艺治理之目的,良善的文艺制度旨在现实地促进人的自由与解放。

According to Marx and Engels, the development and substitution of systems for mankind have always been accompanied by the process of institutionalization in the ideological fields, and literary and artistic systems are the inevitable result of such processes. Subsequent proletarian revolutionaries and theorists after Marx and Engels realized that the ultimate purpose of the construction of literary and artistic system is not to govern literature and art, but to govern through literature and art, and that the necessity of building a literary and artistic system lies in the particularity of literary and artistic governance. Therefore, an advanced literary and artistic system should take the proletarian party as the organizational form, literary and artistic policies and mechanisms as the guide, and education and learning as the internal rules, and should give priority to the cultivation of a revolutionary literary and artistic governance system with intellectuals as the main body.Generally speaking, the thought on literary and artistic system is an important part of Marxist theory on system.Governance through literary and artistic system is a means to the governance of literature and art. A sound literary and artistic system aims at promoting people’s freedom and liberation in a realistic manner.