“彼都人士”:以城市空间视角审视西周时期的宗族居所与宗族交际

“The Urbanites of the Yore”: Lineage Residences and Interactions in Western Zhou Dynasty from the Perspective of Urban Space

西周时期王畿地区诸个城邑经常成为宗族聚居的中心地点。不论是出土铭文材料还是考古遗址均显示,在西周中晚期,围绕西周几座重要的都城形成了一批带有鲜明城市特征的宗族聚居区,如“奠(郑)”“丰”和名为“周”的岐邑都是西周时期容纳多个宗族聚居的重要城址。这种城市中的宗族聚居现象通常与西周时期迁徙宗族分支前往服务王室的政治、行政需要有关,这批生活在城市中的宗族分支与大宗本家仍保持宗法层面的关系,却世代承担着王室分派的行政职守,甚至这些同居城市的分支宗族之间亦通过婚姻形成了一个贵族社会网络。引入城市空间的视角审视城市内的宗族交际,反映出西周时期的城市固然承担着重要的礼仪及行政功能,城市也因为提供了宗族分支的居所而成为了宗族社会重要的生活及社交空间。

In the Western Zhou Dynasty, the cities directly under the royal administration were often the centers for lineage settlements. Judging from both unearthed inscriptions and archaeological sites, we can tell that during the period from the mid to late Western Zhou Dynasty, lineage settlements were formed within several important regions around the capital, such as Zheng, Feng, and Zhou(also called Qi). These regions had acquired distinctive traits of a city, becoming important places home to multiple lineages. This phenomenon of lineage clustering in cities was often associated with the migration of clan branches to serve the political and administrative needs of the royal family. The lineages as clan branches living in the cities kept patriarchal relations with the original clan family, but undertook administrative duties assigned by the royal family from generation to generation. An aristocratic social network even came into being due to the marriages among the lineages living within the same city. The introduction of an urban spatial perspective to examine lineage interactions in the cities reflects the fact that while cities in the Western Zhou dynasty served important ceremonial and administrative functions, they also provided important living and social space for the clans as they were home to the lineages as clan branches.