艺术的祛魅——艺术社会学的历史谱系与问题视域

The Disenchantment of Art——The Historical Genealogy and Problem Horizons of the Sociology of Art

作为一种观念和方法,艺术社会学滥觞于19世纪,形成于20世纪上半叶,成熟于20世纪50年代以后。作为人文学科与社会科学的交叉领域,艺术社会学发展之初就蕴含着来自两种理论路径的张力。追溯艺术社会学的历史谱系可以发现,伴随社会学的发展,特别是马克思主义社会学家的批判、反思与实践,艺术理论逐渐完成从“内结构”到“外结构”、从艺术哲学到文化社会学的范式转向。最终,一种超越人文学科与社会科学界别的、跨学科整合的研究趋势呼之欲出。它的使命不是缔造诗意的审美幻象或伟大的艺术传奇,而是穿越艺术时空的迷雾,批判性地理解与反思艺术活动的事实,在研究范式上实现艺术的祛魅。

As a concept and method,the sociology of art originated in the 19th century,formed in the first half of the20th century,and matured after 1950s.As the intersection of the humanities and the social sciences,the sociology of art contained tensions from two theoretical paths at the beginning of its development.Tracing the historical genealogy of art sociology,we can find that with the development of sociology,especially the criticism,reflection and practice of Marxist sociologists,art theory has gradually completed the paradigm shift from "internal structure" to "external structure" and from art philosophy to sociology of culture.Ultimately,a trend of interdisciplinary integration beyond the humanities and social sciences is on the horizon.The mission of art sociology is not to create poetic aesthetic illusions or great artistic legends,but to cross the fog of artistic time and space,critically understand and reflect on the facts of artistic activities,and achieve the disenchantment of art in the research paradigm.