基于多维识别体系的民族地区贫困测度

Poverty Measurement in Ethnic Areas Based on Multidimensional Identification System

民族地区因其独特的地理环境和资源禀赋限制,较易陷入贫困的境地。为考察少数民族地区的相对贫困程度,对“后减贫时代”的相对贫困治理提供有价值的建议,文章选取中国家庭追踪调查第5轮数据(CFPS 2018),采用较为科学的层次分析法和AF法为少数民族地区建立多维贫困识别体系并进行测算。经分析可得出如下结果:在少数民族地区,收入对多维贫困的影响较小,汉语教育和基本生活设施的不完善是产生多维贫困的主要因素;不同民族之间的反贫困能力存在明显差异;与城市相比,民族地区农村的多维贫困率远高于城市。因此对于下一阶段的相对贫困治理,民族地区首先要结合自身实际,构建有针对性的多维贫困识别体系,以提升相对贫困治理的精准度;其次要在精准识别的基础上侧重于改善农村生活设施和提升教育水平;第三要对贫困深度整体较高、反贫困能力弱的民族地区进行针对性帮扶。

Due to its unique geographical environment and resource endowment, the minority areas are prone to fall into poverty. In order to investigate the relative poverty of ethnic minority areas, and to provide valuable advice for relatively poor governance of “poverty reduction after age”, based on Chinese family tracking(CFPS) round 5 CFPS2018 data as data sources, analytic hierarchy process(AHP) and AF method were used to establish identification system of multidimensional poverty index and measure for ethnic minority areas. Through the analysis, it can be concluded that in minority areas, the income has little influence on multidimensional poverty, and the imperfection of Chinese education and basic living facilities is the main factor causing multidimensional poverty. There are obvious differences in anti-poverty ability among major ethnic groups. Compared with cities, the multidimensional poverty rate in rural areas of ethnic minority areas is much higher than that in cities. Therefore, in the next stage of relative poverty management, ethnic minority areas should first build a targeted multidimensional poverty identification system based on their own reality, so as to improve the accuracy of relative poverty management. Secondly, the focus should be on improving rural living facilities and education level on the basis of accurate identification. Thirdly, the targeted assistance should be given to ethnic groups with strong poverty levels and weak anti-poverty capabilities.