简论《皇清职贡图》中的东北渔猎民族

On the Northeast Fishing and Hunting Ethnic Groups in Royal Tribute Picture of Qing Dynasty

《皇清职贡图》是清朝最鼎盛时期乾隆皇帝敕撰的记述清代海外诸国及国内各民族历史及社会生活的历史典籍。它采取图文并茂的形式对乾隆时期海外诸国及国内各民族的历史渊源、饮食服饰、风俗习俗、地理位置、土特物产及职贡情况等进行了较为全面的记载,是研究乾隆时期中国少数民族极为珍贵的图谱史料。本文以《皇清职贡图》中的鄂伦绰、奇楞、库野、费雅喀、恰喀拉、七姓、赫哲作为研究对象,对清代生活在黑龙江流域东部地区及鄂霍次克海沿岸地区的东北渔猎民族的历史及社会生活进行了探索和研究,以使人们对清代东北渔猎民族有更为深入的了解。

Royal Tribute Picture of Qing Dynastyis a historical book written by Emperor Qianlong in the heyday of the Qing Dynasty, which records the history and social life of overseas countries and domestic ethnic groups in the Qing Dynasty. In the form of pictures and texts, it comprehensively recorded the historical origin, food and clothing, customs, geographical location, local products and tributes of the overseas countries and domestic ethnic groups during the Qianlong period. It is a very valuable historical atlas for studying the Chinese minorities during the Qianlong period. In this paper, the subjects of study in the Royal Tribute Picture of Qing Dynasty are Orocho, Qileng, Kuye, Feyaka, Chakala, Qixing and Hezhe. The author explores and studies the history and social life of the northeast fishing and hunting ethnic groups living in the eastern part of the Heilongjiang Basin and the coastal area of the Okhotsk Sea in the Qing Dynasty, so that people can have a more in-depth understanding of the northeast fishing and hunting ethnic groups in the Qing Dynasty.