人工生物土壤结皮对草本植物群落组成与多样性的影响

Effects of artificial biological soil crusts on the composition and diversity of herbaceous plant communities

人工生物土壤结皮(Biological Soil Crusts,BSCs)指通过人工培养加速形成的BSCs,可用于沙化土地治理。目前关于人工BSCs的研究多在藻种选择与培养、接种方法优化及野外拓殖等方面,缺少其对荒漠生态系统功能恢复作用的研究。为探讨人工BSCs对草本植物多样性等荒漠生态系统功能恢复的影响,以腾格里沙漠东南缘人工BSCs与流沙为研究对象,对人工BSCs属性以及草本植物的组成、生长和多样性进行了研究。结果表明:人工BSCs样地共有9种草本植物,隶属于4科9属,其中苋科(Amaranthaceae)种数最多,其次为禾本科(Gramineae),优势种为砂蓝刺头(Echinops gmelini)。对照组流沙的草本植物总盖度8%、生物量11.63 g·m^(-2)、丰富度0.71、多度1.00;人工BSCs草本植物的总盖度11%-19%、生物量80.00-179.70 g·m^(-2)、丰富度1.67-3.67、多度4.33-16.78。人工BSCs盖度与草本植物盖度为二次函数关系,而人工BSCs属性与草本植物的盖度、生物量、丰富度、多度均呈显著正相关关系。因此,人工BSCs形成与发育有利于草本植物的生长和多样性的恢复,加快了荒漠生态系统功能恢复。

Artificial biological soil crusts are a new method of desertification land management that accelerates the formation of BSCs through artificial cultivation. At present,most studies on artificial BSCs are focused on the selection and cultivation of algal species,optimization of inoculation methods and field colonization,but lack of research on the restoration of desert ecosystems functions. In order to explore the influence of artificial BSCs on the restoration of desert ecosystem functions such as herb diversity,this study took artificial BSCs and sand in the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert as the research objects,investigated the properties of artificial BSCs and the composition,growth and diversity of herbs. The results showed that there were 9 species of herbaceous plants belonging to 4 families and 9 genera,among which Amaranthaceae contained most species,followed by Gramineae,and the dominant species was Echinops gmelini. The coverage was 8%,the biomass was 11.63 g·m^(-2),the richness was 0.71,and the abundance was 1.00 of herbs in control group;but the early stage of artificial BSCs significantly increased the coverage(11%-19%),biomass(80.00-179.70 g·m^(-2)),richness(1.67-3.67)and abundance(4.33-16.78)of herbaceous plants. There was a quadratic function relationship between artificial BSCs coverage and herb coverage,while the attributes of artificial BSCs were significant positive correlation with herbaceous cover,biomass,richness,and abundance. Therefore,the formation and development of artificial BSCs are beneficial to the restoration of growth and diversity of herbaceous plants,and accelerates the recovery of desert ecosystem functions,this study provides a theoretical basis for the further promotion and large-scale application of artificial BSCs.