基于《神农本草经》《名医别录》探讨石膏在经方中的应用

Discussion on application of gypsum in classic prescriptions based on Shennong Bencao Jing and Mingyi Bielu

各时代不同医家对石膏功效的认识众说纷纭,现代中药学将石膏归为清热药中,大部分学者认为石膏只清里热,但从历代本草对石膏功效的认识,并结合张仲景在《伤寒论》《金匮要略》中含有石膏的方剂来看,石膏的功效应用不仅如此,还具有解肌发汗,化饮等功效。故参考以《神农本草经》《名医别录》为代表的古代本草学著作中石膏功效,对《伤寒论》《金匮要略》中关于石膏的代表性方剂及相关条文进行分析,以期还原张仲景运用石膏思想的本来面目。

Physicians in different times have various opinions on the efficacy of gypsum.In modern Chinese medicine,gypsum is classified as a heat-clearing drug,and most scholars believe that it only clears the internal heat.However,by exploring the efficacies of gypsum documented in the works on material medica in the previous dynasties,and combining the prescriptions containing gypsum in Shanghan Lun and Jingui Yaolüe by Zhang Zhongjing,it can be sees that its efficacy is not only limited to clearing heat,but also involves expelling pathogenic factors from muscles by sweating,resolving fluid retention,etc.Therefore,with reference to the efficacies of gypsum in ancient materia medica works represented by Shennong Bencao Jing and Mingyi Bielu,the representative prescriptions and related provisions of gypsum in Shanghan Lun and Jingui Yaolüe are analyzed in this paper,in order to expose Zhang Zhongjing’s original thought on the application of gypsum.