抛荒茶园茶树植物学性状及主要生化成分分析——以贵定县高坡村为例

Analysis of Botanical Characters and Main Biochemical Components of Tea Plant From Abandoned Tea Garden——Taking Gaopo Village of Guiding County as an Example

以贵定县高坡村抛荒茶园为研究分析对象,调查研究了茶树的植物学性状,采用国标检测分析了春季新梢的主要生化成分、茶树适制性及筛选优异种质资源,为抛荒茶园恢复开发利用提供一定的理论依据。结果表明:18份试样材料中,树型均为灌木型,72.22%的树姿为半开展;叶片为中小叶型,72.22%的叶形为椭圆形;茸毛为多或特多,适合制作需要显毫的茶叶种类。所测样品的水浸出物含量在36.80%~53.50%,茶多酚含量在12.78%~39.50%,游离氨基酸总量在2.82%~4.41%,咖啡碱含量在1.10%~1.78%,酚氨比在4.19~9.97。并初步筛选出了4份资源可兼制红绿茶,14份资源适制绿茶;14份高水浸出物资源,1份高茶多酚资源,4份氨基酸优良资源。

Taking the abandoned tea garden in Gaopo village, Guiding County as the research object, the botanical characters of tea trees were investigated, and the main biochemical components of spring shoots were analyzed by national standard. The study analyzed the adaptability of tea plants and screen elite and rare germplasm resources, which provided theoretical basis for the restoration, development and utilization of abandoned tea gardens. The results showed that among the 18 samples, the tree type was shrub, and 72.22% of the tree posture was semi-developed;the leaf is medium and small, 72.22% of which is oval in shape, with many or too much fuzz which is suitable for appearance of full fuzz. The water extract of the sample is 36.80%~53.50%;the tea polyphenol is 12.78%~39.50%;the amino acid is 2.82%~4.41%;the caffeine is 1.10%~1.78%, and the ratio of polyphenols to amino acids is 4.19~9.97.And 4 resources can be used to make black tea and green tea, and 14 resources can be used to make green tea;14 high water extract resources, 1 high tea polyphenol resources and 4 excellent amino acid resources were preliminarily selected from 18 tea plants.