岩溶山区农户生计资本变化与农村生态环境的互动机制——基于政策实施背景下的实证研究

Interaction Mechanism Between Farmers’ Livelihood Capital Changes and Rural Ecological Environment in Karst Mountainous Area——Based on Empirical Research in the Context of Policy Implementation

农户生计资本和农村生态环境是2个内部要素高度互动相关的动态系统。以2014年精准扶贫政策实施前后为时间分界点,基于岩溶山区调研获取的516份数据问卷,构建了农户生计资本和农村生态环境系统指标体系,测算了2014年前后农户生计资本变化值,引入灰色关联分析方法探讨了农户生计资本和农村生态环境的互动机制。结果表明:①2014年前后,岩溶山区农户生计资本值发生显著变化,除自然资本(N)值下降外,社会资本(S)、金融资本(F)、人力资本(H)和物质资本(P)均呈现上升趋势;②农户生计资本系统和农村生态环境系统内部各要素之间存在中强级互动关系,农户生计资本对农村生态环境的胁迫作用以及农村生态环境对农户生计资本的约束作用在减弱;③两系统内部各要素作用力大小差异明显。农户生计资本和农村生态环境协同优化是实现农民和农村可持续发展的重要内容,厘清两者之间的互动机制是当前推动岩溶山区农户生计水平发展的重要任务。

Farmers’ livelihood capital and rural ecological environment are highly interactive dynamic systems of two internal factors. Taking the implementation of targeted poverty alleviation policy in 2014 as the time boundary point, this paper constructs the index system of farmers’ livelihood capital and rural ecological environment system based on 516 data questionnaires obtained from karst mountainous area research, calculates the change value of farmers ’ livelihood capital before and after 2014, and introduces the grey correlation analysis method to explore the interaction mechanism between farmers ’ livelihood capital and rural ecological environment. The results showed that:① Before and after 2014, the livelihood capital value of farmers in karst mountainous areas changed significantly. Except for the decline of natural capital(N) value, social capital(S), financial capital( F), human capital( H) and material capital( P) showed an upward trend.② There is a medium-to-strong interaction between farmers ’ livelihood capital system and the internal elements of rural ecological environment system. The coercive effect of farmers’ livelihood capital on rural ecological environment and the constraint effect of rural ecological environment on farmers’ livelihood capital are weakening.③ The force of each element in the two systems is significantly different. The collaborative optimization of farmers’ livelihood capital and rural ecological environment is an important part of realizing the sustainable development of farmers and rural areas. To clarify the interaction mechanism between them is an important task to promote the development of farmers ’ livelihood in karst mountainous areas.