论《荒原狼》中的表达机器

On the Expression Machine in Der Steppenwolf

瑞典籍德裔作家黑塞于1927年发表了他的长篇小说《荒原狼》,这是他最受关注的文本之一。此前评论界论及《荒原狼》,一般从两次世界大战之间的政治语境入手,将主人公解读为以个人意志抵抗主流意识形态的“局外人”,而将小说的实验性文体特征视为黑塞对现代主义先锋性的探索。本文将《荒原狼》置于德勒兹与加塔利的理论透镜之下,解析黑塞在《荒原狼》中所实验的文学表达形式及其效果。本文认为《荒原狼》中存在着一部德勒兹与加塔利所说的“表达机器”,“序言”“论文”与“自传”这三种表达形式相互连接、相互协作,共同构成了小说内部的共振。这部内置于《荒原狼》的表达机器既显现了精神分裂患者无意识的运动轨迹,无意识的自动生产又构成了这部表达机器的内在动力。

The Swedish-German author Hermann Hesse published his novel Der Steppenwolf in 1927,one of his most popular works.Previously,when critics discussed Der Steppenwolf,they generally started from the political context between the two world wars,interpreting the protagonist as an"outsider"who resisted the mainstream ideology with personal will,and saw the novel's experimental stylistic features as Hesse's exploration of the modernist avant-garde.From the theoretical perspective of Deleuze and Guattari,this paper attempts to analyze the literary forms of expression and their effects that Hesse experimented with in Der Steppenwolf.This paper argues that there is an"expression machine"defined by Deleuze and Guattari in Der Steppenwolf.The three forms of"preface","treatise"and"record"are connected and cooperated with each other,and they constitute resonance within the novel.The expression machine in Der Steppenwolf shows the track of schizophrenia's unconscious movement,and the auto-production of the unconscious constitutes the inner power of this expression machine.