假禾谷镰孢引起的小麦茎基腐病发生危害与防控研究进展

Research progress on the occurrence,damage and prevention of Fusarium crown rot caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum

小麦茎基腐病近年来在我国发生日趋严重,不但威胁我国粮食安全,还存在真菌毒素污染的潜在威胁,危害人畜健康。本文概述了小麦茎基腐病的危害现状以及在不同地区引起该病害的优势镰孢菌种类,明确了假禾谷镰孢Fusarium pseudograminearum在我国多个小麦主产区已逐渐上升为茎基腐病的优势病原。在此基础上,进一步分析了假禾谷镰孢的侵染循环和遗传多样性,揭示了小麦茎基腐病严重发生与土壤中的病原菌积累、农业措施及多种环境气候因素,尤其是干旱环境密切相关。总结了目前已报道的调控假禾谷镰孢致病的关键蛋白,揭示了假禾谷镰孢的产毒类型,明确了脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)合成的生化途径,不同杀菌剂对镰孢菌毒素合成的影响,以及杀菌剂刺激或抑制DON合成的机制。并以“防病减毒”为目的,提出了多种协同防病的综合防治措施,可为小麦茎基腐病绿色防控提供参考。

Fusarium crown rot(FCR)of wheat has become more and more serious in China in recent years,which not only threatens food security,but also has the potential threat of mycotoxin contamination,which endangers human and animal health.This paper summarizes the damage status of wheat crown rot and the dominant Fusarium spp.that cause the disease in different regions.It is clear that Fusarium pseudograminearum has gradually become the dominant pathogen of FCR in many major wheat producing areas in China.On this basis,the infection cycle and genetic diversity of F.pseudograminearum were further analyzed,revealing the serious occurrence of FCR and the accumulation of F.pseudograminearum in soil,agricultural measures and various environmental and climatic factors,especially drought environment is closely related.This paper also summarized the reported key proteins that regulate the pathogenicity of F.pseudograminearum,revealed the toxin production type of F.pseudograminearum,clarified the biochemical pathway of deoxynivalenol(DON)synthesis,effects of different fungicides on DON synthesis,and the mechanism by which fungicides stimulate or inhibit DON synthesis.With the purpose of"disease control and deoxynivalenol reduction",a variety of comprehensive prevention and control measures for coordinated disease prevention are proposed,which have important reference value for the realization of green prevention and control of FCR.