农药雾滴雾化沉积飘失研究进展

Research and development of atomization,deposition and drift of pesticide droplets

农药、植保机械与施药技术为植物化学保护的三大支柱,其中施药技术是连接农药学科和植保机械学科的关键环节,是农药从研发到田间应用的“最后一公里”。农药科学使用并不是一个简单的选择农药和施药量的药物学问题,而是涉及作物学、植物保护学、农业工程学、气象学等多学科交叉的系统工程。本文就农药雾滴雾化与运动特性、沉积与分布状态、流失与飘失行为,以及害虫行为与农药雾滴雾化运动和沉积分布关系等方面的研究进展展开综述,总结该方面的理论与实践经验,可为提高植保机械水平与施药质量、提高农药利用率与防治效果、减轻农药负面影响、提高粮食与食品安全提供参考。

Pesticides,plant protection machinery and application technology are the three pillars of plant chemical protection,of which application technology is the key link between pesticides and plant protection machinery.It is the"last mile"from pesticide research to field application.The scientific use of pesticides is not a simple pharmacological problem of pesticide selection and application dosage,but involves plant protection,agricultural mechanics,meteorology and other disciplines,forming an interdisciplinary combination of systemic engineering.This paper presents a review of pesticide droplet atomization and movement characteristics,deposition and distribution status,loss and drift behavior,and the relationship between pest behavior and pesticide droplet atomization movement and deposition distribution.The purpose of summarizing the theoretical and practical experiences in these areas is to improve the standards and quality of plant protection machinery,pesticide utilization,control effects and food safety,as well as reducing the negative impacts of pesticides.In addition,these theories and practices provide technical methods and equipment support to improve the quality and efficiency of crops and to protect agroecological and human environments.