静电自组装法制备阿维菌素纳米囊悬浮剂及其对黄瓜根结线虫病的防治效果

Preparation of abamectin nanocapsule suspension concentrate by electrostatic self-assembly and its control efficacy on cucumber root-knot nematode

为提高阿维菌素在土壤中的移动扩散能力,改善其对作物根结线虫病的防治效果,采用静电自组装法制备了3%阿维菌素纳米囊悬浮剂,测定了其贮存稳定性和释放性能,并通过土壤淋溶试验与土壤薄层层析试验评价了其在土壤中的移动性,验证了其对南方根结线虫Meloidogyne incognita 2龄幼虫(J_(2))的室内毒力和田间防治效果。结果显示:阿维菌素纳米囊为球形,平均粒径(D_(50))为276.81 nm,在释放液中,60 min时纳米囊悬浮剂中阿维菌素的累积释放率为57.59%,而对照乳油制剂中阿维菌素的累积释放率为94.53%。阿维菌素纳米囊悬浮剂在土壤中横向和纵向的移动距离均明显大于阿维菌素乳油,二者对根结线虫J_(2)在24 h时的LC_(50)值分别为0.257与0.427 mg/L。田间试验中,相同用量下分别采用漫灌法与混土法两种方式施药,药后60 d,3%阿维菌素纳米囊悬浮剂处理比3%阿维菌素乳油处理的防治效果分别高21.82%与4.81%;而药后100 d,前者比后者分别高28.98%与19.79%。表明将阿维菌素制剂纳米化可以增强其在土壤中的移动能力,提高其对黄瓜根结线虫病的防治效果。本研究结果可为开发适合于土壤施用的纳米化农药制剂提供依据。

To improve the mobility of abamectin in soil and its effect on controlling crop root-knot nematode,abamectin 3%nanocapsule suspension concentrate was prepared by electrostatic selfassembly method,and the storage stability and release performance were measured.The soil mobility of nanocapsules was evaluated by soil leaching test and soil thin-layer chromatography.The toxicity against the second-stage juvenile(J_(2))of Meloidogyne incognita and field application effect was investigated.The average particle size(D_(50))of abamectin nanocapsules was 276.81 nm.In the release solution,the cumulative release was 57.59%at 60 min,whereas that of abamectin 3%EC was 94.53%.The horizontal and vertical movement distance of abamectin nanocapsule suspension concentrate in soil was significantly greater than that of abamectin 3%EC.The LC_(50) value of abamectin nanocapsule suspension concentrate and EC against the J_(2) of root-knot nematodes at 24 h were 0.257 and 0.427 mg/L,respectively.Under the same pesticide usage,the control efficacy of abamectin 3%nanocapsule suspension concentrate using flood irrigation and soil mixing methods were 21.82%and 4.81%respectively,which were higher than that of abamectin 3%EC at 60 days after treatments.The control efficacy of abamectin 3%nanocapsule suspension concentrate were 28.98%and 19.79%higher than that of abamectin 3%EC at 100 days after treatment using flood irrigation and soil mixing methods,respectively.Therefore,abamectin nano-formulations can enhance its mobility in soil and improve the control effect on cucumber root-knot nematode.This study provides a reference for the development of nano-pesticide preparations suitable for soil application.