U(VI)吸附材料的制备及其吸附性能的研究进展

Research on the progress of the preparation of U(Ⅵ) adsorption materials and their adsorption performance

核能的发展和使用极大地促进了铀消耗,也导致传统的陆地铀矿难以满足实际需求量,因此,开发新的铀矿开采方式和提取方法来填补铀原料的需求势在必行。海水中铀浓度极低,但其含量达45亿t,若开发出一种高效、经济的技术手段实现海水中铀离子U(Ⅵ)的提取,对未来核工业的发展有着举足轻重的作用和意义。另一方面,目前铀矿开采方法的缺陷导致大量低浓度铀废水产生,危害着生态环境和人类健康,所以实现从含铀废水中去除U(Ⅵ)迫在眉睫。文中总结了影响U(Ⅵ)吸附的因素,包括pH、温度和共存离子,同时将常见的U(Ⅵ)吸附材料按照类型分类,讨论了吸附材料的制备方法和吸附机理,旨在为有针对性地设计新型U(Ⅵ)吸附材料提供参考,并为规避不利因素和解决与U(Ⅵ)回收和去除有关的技术问题提供建议。

The development and use of nuclear energy has greatly promoted uranium consumption, making it difficult for traditional land-based uranium mines to meet actual demand. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new uranium mining methods and extraction methods to fill the demand for uranium raw materials. Although the concentration of uranium in seawater is extremely low, its content is 4.5 billion tons. Hence, the development of efficient and economical method to achieve the extraction of U(Ⅵ) in seawater has a pivotal role and significance for the future development of the nuclear industry. On the other hand, the defects of current uranium mining methods have resulted in the production of a large amount of low-concentration uranium wastewater, which endangers the ecological environment and human health. Therefore, it is urgent to remove U(Ⅵ) from uranium-containing wastewater. In the review, the influencing factors of U(Ⅵ) adsorption are summarized, including: pH, temperature, and co-existing ions. Adsorption materials are divided into categories according to their types, and the preparation method and adsorption mechanism of U(Ⅵ) adsorption materials are discussed. The review aims to provide the guidance for the targeted design of new U(Ⅵ) adsorption materials, and to provide suggestions for avoiding unfavorable factors and solving technical problems related to U(Ⅵ) recovery and removal.