就业质量协调发展:评价指数与实证分析

The Coordinated Development of Employment Quality: Evaluation Index and Empirical Analysis

实现更充分和更高质量就业是经济高质量发展的时代目标,以协调发展理念科学评价就业问题、加强就业形势研判是劳动力市场健康、有序运行的重要前提。文章建立了一种基于信息熵的层次性的就业质量协调发展指标分析算法,更充分结合了专家知识与数据本身的客观信息,具体包括就业质量指数、数量指数、质量综合指数、质量协调度指数以及质量协调发展指数。在指标构建的前提下,利用我国省级层面数据计算得出2014-2019年我国各省就业指数得分及排名。研究表明:第一,建立的层次性分析算法可以优化指标的计算;第二,文章建立的指数可以对我国省级层面就业情况做出更全面的评价,研究发现我国就业数量区域差异大,就业质量水平整体偏低,各地区的就业质量下级指标存在一定不协调;第三,对于就业质量,就业环境和劳动报酬指标最为重要,其中就业环境的地区异质性总体减小,劳动报酬的地区异质性扩大;第四,地区就业质量综合水平与协调度存在不平衡问题,就业质量综合水平高的地区,其协调度不一定高。利用本文建立的就业质量协调发展指数可以更加全面地测度我国就业健康发展情况,为实现更充分更高质量就业目标提供决策依据。

It is the goal of high quality economic development of the era to achieve fuller and higher quality employment. Both the enhancement of the relevant studies and a good judgment of the employment situation are two important prerequisites for the healthy and orderly operation of the labor market. In this study, a novel hierarchical employment analysis algorithm based on information entropy is established, which more fully combines the expert knowledge and the objective information of the data itself. Specifically, it includes the employment quantity index, the quality index, the quality comprehensive index, the quality coordination degree index, and the quality coordination development index. The research shows that: 1) The hierarchical information entropy analysis algorithm can optimize the calculation of indicators. 2) The established index can make a more objective and comprehensive evaluation of the employment at the provincial level in China. There are large regional differences in the quantity of employment in this country, the overall level of employment quality is low, and there is a certain inconsistency in the lower-level indicators of employment quality in various regions. 3) In terms of employment quality, the overall level of employment quality in China is relatively low. Employment environment and labor remuneration indicators are the most important. In recent years, the weight of the employment environment has shown a downward trend, which shows that the employment environment between regions in China is becoming more and more balanced. The balanced development of social security levels does not offset the larger regional differences in wage levels, resulting in an overall upward trend in the weight of labor remuneration. 4) There is an imbalance between the development level and the quality coordination degree of employment in a region. A high level of employment quality comprehensive index does not mean a high degree of coordination. By using the employment quality coordinated development index established in this paper, the healthy development of employment in this country can be more comprehensively measured, and a decision-making basis for achieving fuller and higher quality employment goals can be made available.