多粘菌素外排转运蛋白的研究进展

Advances in Polymyxin Efflux Transporters

多粘菌素是一种脂肽类抗生素,对大部分革兰氏阴性菌和小部分革兰氏阳性菌具有杀菌作用。多粘菌素主要由多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)在胞内产生,再通过外排转运蛋白转运到胞外,外排转运蛋白运输多粘菌素的能力在一定程度上影响了多粘菌素的产量。多粘菌素外排转运蛋白主要存在于多粘类芽孢杆菌中,在一些多重耐药细菌中也广泛存在。本文重点介绍已鉴定的多粘菌素外排转运蛋白的类型、结构和转运特征等研究进展,以期为多粘菌素跨膜分泌机制的深入研究提供理论基础。

Polymyxin is a lipopeptide antibiotic,which has bactericidal effects on most gram⁃negative bacteria and a small part of gram⁃positive bacteria.Polymyxin is mainly produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa inside the cell,and then transported to the outside of cell through efflux transporters.The ability of efflux transporters to transport polymyxin has a certain effect on the production of polymyxin.Efflux transporters of polymyxin mainly exist in P.polymyxa and also widely exist in some multidrug⁃resistant bacteria.This review focused on the type,structure and transport characteristics of the identified efflux transporters of polymyxin,so as to provide theoretical bases for the in⁃depth study of transmembrane secretion mechanism of polymyxin.