淮南抗日根据地洪山戏演出模式研究——以淮南大众剧团为中心的考察

Innovation of Hongshan opera performance mode in Huainan Anti Japanese base area

洪山戏是流传于皖东来安、天长,以及江苏扬州、六合等地的地方戏曲剧种,脱胎于明末清初的傩,因而具有鲜明的仪式性、祭祀性特征。抗日战争时期中国共产党对其加以改造,使其一跃成为“抗战戏剧”,为淮南抗日根据地的抗日宣传和群众性文艺普及工作作出了突出贡献。文章对淮南大众剧团的洪山戏演出模式进行研究,发现剧团在演剧活动中呈现出演职体系规范化、舞美式样成熟化、宣传手段多样化以及管理制度系统化等特点,洪山戏也逐步从“香火戏”发展成为“红色戏剧”。淮南大众剧团在演出模式方面取得的突出成就,为中华人民共和国成立初期的戏曲改革工作提供了经验。

Hongshan opera is a local opera that is popular in Laian and Tianchang in the east of Anhui,Yangzhou and Liuhe in Jiangsu.It originated from Nuo in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties,so it has distinctive ritual and sacrificial characteristics.During the Anti Japanese War,the Communist Party of China transformed it into an“Anti Japanese war drama”,which made outstanding contributions to the anti-Japanese dissemination and the popularization of mass literature and art in Huainan Anti-Japanese Base Area.This paper studies the performance mode of Hongshan Opera of Huainan Dazhong Troupe,and finds that the troupe presents the characteristics of standardized performance system,mature stage design style,diversified publicity means and systematic management system in its performance activities.Hongshan Opera has gradually developed from“incense drama”to“red drama”.The outstanding achievements made by the Huainan Dazhong Troupe in the performance mode provided experience for the opera reform in the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China.