乡村义务教育空间集聚的矛盾与治理

Conflicts and Governance of the Spatial Agglomeration of Rural Compulsory Education

21世纪以来,我国乡村义务教育的空间格局发生了剧变,一方面农村中小学数量不断减少,另一方面农村一些学生选择到城镇和民办学校就读。其原因主要是城乡人口迁移,以及地方政府对于中小学的撤并。乡村义务教育空间集聚引发了诸多问题,如家校距离过远、留守儿童教育问题、公办学校和民办学校的不和谐发展等。解决乡村义务教育空间集聚的矛盾,应当顺应我国社会主义现代化建设的规律与趋势,保障农村居民的义务教育权,努力实现教育均衡,以及从根本上变革关于人才与教育方面的观念与机制。

Since the 21st century,the spatial layout of rural compulsory education in China has undergone a dramatic change.On the one hand,the number of rural primary and secondary schools has declined,and on the other hand,a considerable number of rural students have transferred to urban or private schools.The main reasons of this change are the migration of population from rural to urban areas,and the merger or closure of both primary and secondary schools by local governments.The spatial agglomeration of compulsory education in rural areas has caused many problems,such as the excessive distance between home and school,the problem of left-behind children,the imbalance between the development of public and private schools,and so on.To solve the conflicts of the spatial agglomeration of rural compulsory education,we should conform to the law and trend of China’s socialist modernization,guarantee the compulsory education rights of rural residents,strive to achieve the balance of education,and fundamentally change the ideas about talents and mechanisms of education.