语言缺漏现象及其补位问题探赜

A Probe into the Phenomenon of Language Gap and Its Complementation

语言缺漏是语言存在的普遍现象,也是一种正常、动态的语言现象,并不意味着语言的不完备,相反则可将其视为语言的基本特征之一。语言缺漏表面上体现为语言的缺环、空档、缺位等,内里却涌动着深厚的社会文化动因,遵循着社会文化的发展方向。语言缺漏现象只有在少数必要情况下才需要补位,且于客观上时刻受到社会文化的调制,主观上取决于人类的迫切需求。除此,一般则不宜补位、不能补位或无须补位,否则将可能以“补”害辞或适得其反。因此,应严格遵守语言发展的自然规律,正确对待语言发展进程中的缺漏现象。

Language gap is a common language phenomenon,which is normal and dynamic.It does not mean that the language is incomplete.On the contrary,it can be regarded as one of the basic characteristics of language.Language gap appears to be the absence of links,gaps,and vacancies in a language.In essence,it contains social and cultural motivations,following the development direction of social culture.The language gap only needs to be complemented in a few necessary cases,which depend on the social culture and the demands of language users.Otherwise,it is not appropriate to fill the gap for the unnecessary complementation might be harmful to the meaning.Therefore,we should strictly abide by the natural laws of language development and correctly deal with the gap in the process of language development.