2012-2021年浙江省余姚市手足口病季节性特征分析

Seasonal characteristics of hand foot and mouth disease in Yuyao, Zhejiang, 2012-2021

目的 分析2012—2021年浙江省余姚市手足口病季节性特征,为防控和预警工作提供可靠依据,为制定手足口病免疫策略提供参考。方法 收集“中国疾病预防控制信息系统传染病监测模块”中2012—2021年现住址为浙江省余姚市的手足口病病例信息,运用集中度和圆形分布法对手足口病季节性分布进行分析。结果 2012—2021年余姚市手足口病年均发病率为312.95/10万,疫情隔年高发;男性发病率(363.63/10万)高于女性(260.65/10万);职业分布以散居儿童为主,占63.90%;手足口病发病具有一定的季节性(M=0.303 1),发病高峰日为每年的6月14日,高峰期为3月16日至9月11日(α=162.33°,S=88.53°,Z=3 113.58,P<0.05)。结论 余姚市手足口病发病率高于国内部分地区,防控形势不容乐观,发病存在一定的季节性,应在高峰期前做好综合防控准备,有效降低发病率。

Objective To analyze the seasonal characteristics of hand foot and mouth disease(HFMD) in Yuyao of Zhejiang province from 2012 to 2021 and provide evidence for the prevention, control and early warning of HFMD and development of HFMD immunization strategy in Yuyao. Methods The information of HFMD cases in Yuyao from 2012 to 2021 were collected China Disease Control and Prevention Information System for an analysis on seasonal distribution of HFMD in Yuyao by concentration and circular distribution methods. Results The average annual incidence rate of HFMD in Yuyao was 312.95/100 000, and the incidence was high every other year. The incidence rate in men(363.63/100 000) was higher than that in women(260.65/100 000). The cases were mainly distributed in children outside child care settings, accounting for63.90%. The incidence of HFMD had seasonality(M=0.303 1), the annual incidence was high from March 16 to September 11( α=162.33°,S=88.53°,Z=3 113.58, P<0.05) and peaked on June 14. Conclusion The incidence rate of HFMD in Yuyao is higher compared with some areas in China. The prevention and control of HFMD is a challenge. The incidence of HFMD has seasonality. It is necessary to be prepared for the comprehensive prevention and control of HFMD before the peak period to effectively reduce the incidence of the disease.