航空发动机冲蚀损伤及防护涂层研究进展

Research Progress on Erosion Damage and Protective Coating for Aircraft Engine

航空发动机高速发展,其服役工况日渐严苛。飞机在高低空飞行、起飞和降落过程中,空气中的沙粒、火山灰、雨水和冰晶等在高速气流作用下不可避免地被吸入发动机内,与燃烧室等热端部件工作过程中产生的高温多相冲蚀流体共同作用,造成各类冲蚀损伤并严重影响航空发动机服役期间的安全性。开发有效的航空发动机冲蚀防护技术及高性能冲蚀防护涂层已成为航空发动机安全服役的必要保障,但目前系统介绍航空发动机冷热端部件冲蚀损伤形式的文献极少。针对航空发动机服役环境下冷热端部件的主要冲蚀形式及产生原因进行归纳,分析航空发动机服役工况特点与冲蚀破坏机理。对航空发动机用抗冲蚀涂层体系进行归类,并对其研究进展及性能进行阐述,归纳航空发动机冲蚀防护领域的测试方法和国内外各学术团队的探索性研究。总结当前研究成果并作以展望,为航空发动机冲蚀损伤的研究和新型防护涂层的设计提供参考。

With the rapid development of aircraft-engines, their service conditions are getting more and more severe. In the aircraft working process of flight, taking off and landing, the sand, volcanic ash, rain and ice crystals in the air are inevitably sucked into the engine under the action of high-speed airflow, interacted with the high temperature multi-phase erosion fluid produced in the hot components, causing various erosions and significantly reducing the working security of the aircraft-engine. The development of effective aero-engine erosion protection technology and high-performance erosion protection coating has become a necessary guarantee for the safe service of aero-engine, but there are few literature reports that systematically introduce the forms of erosion damage to hot and cold end components of aero-engine. The main erosion forms and causes about cold and hot sections of aircraft engine are summarized. The working characteristics and erosion mechanism are analyzed. Furthermore, the anti-erosion coating systems used in aircraft engine are classified. The research advances and performance of these anti-erosion coating systems are briefly summarized. It also summarized the assessment standards and the exploratory research on the erosion protection of aircraft-engine.Finally, the current research results are summarized and prospected, which can provide reference for the study of erosion damage of aircraft engine and the design of new protective coating.