水产养殖环境中抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)研究进展

Advances on antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in aquaculture environment

抗生素对水产养殖业中水生生物疾病防治、生产线增产等发挥着重要作用,但长期滥用抗生素很可能会诱导水生生物体内产生携带抗生素抗性基因(Antibiotic resistant genes,ARGs)的耐药菌(Antibiotic resistant bacteria,ARB)。ARGs在水产养殖环境中的持久性残留、迁移和传播,会埋下基因污染隐患,导致生态失衡并危害人类安全,如何遏制抗生素抗性的传播已引起全球重点关注。就水产养殖环境中ARGs的研究进展,系统总结了ARGs的污染现状及其在水产养殖环境中的来源、迁移传播和影响因素,并简述了ARGs与抗生素、微生物群落和环境因素之间的关联特性,以及抗生素、ARGs和ARB对生态环境与人类健康的影响。基于此,概述了ARGs的控制策略与去除技术,并提出了今后的研究方向,以期为水产养殖环境中ARGs污染机理的解析和抗生素抗性传播风险的控制提供科学参考。

Antibiotics play a significant role in the disease control of aquatic organisms and output increase of aquatic products.However,long-term abuse of antibiotics can result in the occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria(ARB)which harbor antibiotics resistance genes(ARGs)in aquatic organisms.The persistent existence,migration and spread of ARGs in aquaculture environment will potentially cause genetic pollution,destroy the ecological balance,and pose risks to human health.Therefore,how to constrain the spread of antibiotic resistance has attracted global attention.In terms of the research advancement of ARGs in aquaculture environment,this review systematically summarizes the status of ARGs pollution coupled with the source,migration and spread behavior of ARGs and their influencing factors,illustrates the correlations between ARGs and antibiotics,microbial communities and environmental factors,as well as discusses the effect of antibiotics,ARGs and ARB on ecological environment and human health.Thus,the paper reviews the management strategies and removal technologies of ARGs,and proposes the future research directions regarding ARGs,so as to provide references for revealing the pollution mechanism of ARGs and reducing the transmission risk of antibiotic resistance.