水产品副产物胶原蛋白制备方法及应用

Preparation and application of collagen from aquatic by-products

胶原蛋白作为动物体内重要的大分子蛋白质,是参与动物组织和器官机械保护的重要细胞外蛋白。水产品副产物是胶原蛋白行业关注的重点,传统的胶原蛋白提取方式在得率、环保等方面的缺点逐渐显现。该文综述了胶原蛋白形成机理、类型、胶原蛋白来源以及胶原蛋白提取方法;比较了原料、传统提取工艺(酸、碱、酶)对胶原蛋白得率与功能的影响;对水产品胶原蛋白在食品品质、食品保鲜、医药领域的应用现状以及新型胶原蛋白提取方法(亚临界水、超临界流体萃取)的工业可行性进行了分析。对胶原蛋白得率低、原料结构影响大的副产物提出了“物理/生物-酸-复合酶”的水产品副产物胶原蛋白工艺优化方案。

An essential macromolecular protein extracellularly expressed in animals,collagen is involved in the mechanical protection of tissues and organs.Aquatic by-products are the focus of collagen industry.The disadvantages of traditional collagen extraction methods in terms of yield and environmental protection have gradually emerged.Herein,the formation mechanism,types,sources and extraction methods of collagen were summarized,followed by discussions on the influence of raw materials,traditional extraction processes(acids,bases,enzymes)on the yield and function of collagen.The current application status of aquatic collagen in food quality,food preservation,pharmaceuticals as well as the industrial feasibility of new collagen extraction methods(subcritical water,supercritical fluid extraction)were then analyzed.In the end,optimization via physical/biological-acid-compound enzyme scheme was proposed for by-products with low collagen yield and great influence on raw material structure.