“把人当人”:鲁迅晚年的人道主义与奴性批判

“Treating People as Human”:Lu Xun’s Humanism and Slavery Criticism in His Later Years

鲁迅晚年接受了马克思主义,但并没有摈弃其“立人”的启蒙主义。他的国民性批判聚焦于奴隶性,将数千年皇权专制和封建礼教奴役人民造成的国民精神中的主奴根性,视为中国社会进步的最大精神障碍。奴性是皇权社会臣民人格的精神特征。鲁迅持之以恒地批判奴性,呼唤个性解放和自由独立的现代人格。“立人”和人的现代化,即祛除奴性,实现从奴隶到人的人格转型。鲁迅的“立人”思想和奴性批判,在今天仍具有深刻的时代意义。中国的发展“根柢在人”,归根结底是人性的升华。“人”之立,是中国文明进步的真正表征。

Lu Xun accepted Marxism in his later years without abandoning his thought of《Times New Roman》“fostering personal character《Times New Roman》”.His criticism on national character focused on slavery,and regarded the dominant servitude in the national spirit resulted from thousands of years of imperial autocracy and feudal ethics that enslaved the people as the greatest spiritual obstacle to China s social progress.Slavery is the spiritual characteristic of the subjects personality in the feudal imperial society.Lu Xun persistently criticized slavery and called for the liberation of personality and free and independent modern personality.The thought of《Times New Roman》“fostering personal character《Times New Roman》”and the modernization of people are to eliminate slavery and realize the transformation of personality from slaves to people and from subjects to citizens.His thought of《Times New Roman》“fostering personal character《Times New Roman》”and slavery criticism are still of profound significance today.China s development is《Times New Roman》“rooted in people《Times New Roman》”,which is ultimately the sublimation of human nature.The fostering of personal character is the real symbol of the progress of Chinese civilization.