培养拔尖人才的创造力:基于荣可“个体创造力”视角

Cultivating Creativity of Top-notch Talents from the Perspective of Runco’s Personal Creativity Theory

创造力是拔尖人才不可或缺的共性特质。对个体创造力理论进行深入探析,旨在为我国拔尖创新型人才培养提供启示。首先,在厘清个体创造力重要机制的基础上,进而探索创造力理论与其他创造性理论之间的关系。其次,重点论述了拔尖人才个体创造力的测量与评价,使用发散性思维测试以及社会效度检验方法等来建构学生创造力的评价标准。最后,为提升学生的创造力提供以下建议:一方面,要通过设计系列课程使学生有机会进行发散性思考,激励并明确强化他们的发散性思维,最大限度地提高他们的思维能力;另一方面,除了需要重视发散性思维,在教育过程中还需将批判性思维和评价技能等纳入其中,发散性思维和判断性或评价性思维必须协同工作,才能培养出真正的创造性思维。

Creativity is an indispensable trait of top-notch talents. This paper aims to explore personal creativity theory in order to provide enlightenments for the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents in China. First of all,on the basis of clarifying the important mechanism of personal creativity,the relationship between creativity theory and other creative theories is to be studies.Secondly,the paper focuses on the measurement and evaluation of personal creativity of top-notch talents,and uses divergent thinking tests and social validity testing methods to construct evaluation criteria for student creativity. Finally,the following suggestions are put forward to enhance students’ creativity:on the one hand,we should design a series of courses to enable students to have the opportunity to carry out divergent thinking,encourage and clearly strengthen their divergent thinking,and maximize their thinking ability;On the other hand,apart from paying attention to divergent thinking,critical thinking and evaluation skills should also be included in the education process. Divergent thinking and judgment or evaluation thinking are supposed to work together to cultivate real creative thinking.