数字平台企业的租金性质与规制原则研究

Research on the Rent Nature and Regulatory Principles of Digital Platform Enterprises

马克思主义地租理论不但揭示出资本主义社会三大阶级之间的分配关系,而且其研究思路对分析数字平台企业租金的性质也极具启发。在明确数字平台企业内涵与分类的基础上,将其所获得的收益区分为平均利润、级差租金与垄断租金。其中,平均利润是指平台企业根据自身投入按照等量资本获得等量利润的要求所获得的收益;级差租金是指数字平台企业从用户企业使用平台的产品或服务后所形成的超额利润中转化而来的租金;垄断租金是指平台企业凭借垄断地位通过垄断加价获得的租金。由于不同类型的收益和租金对社会再生产的影响存在差异,因此需要区别对待。在中国特色社会主义市场经济之中,数字平台企业的运行不能一味遵循资本增殖与积累的逻辑,政府需要兼顾促进发展和监管规范。具体而言,可以考虑将允许数字平台企业获取平均利润、适当调节级差租金、严格限制垄断租金作为规制原则。

The Marxist land rent theory reveals the distribution relationship between the three major classes of capitalist society,and its research ideas are also very enlightening for analyzing the nature of digital platform enterprises. rent. On the basis of clarifying the connotation and classification of digital platform enterprises,this paper divides the benefits obtained by digital platform enterprises into average profit,differential rent and monopoly rent. Among them,the average profit refers to the income obtained by the platform enterprise according to its own investment and the requirement to obtain the same amount of profit according to the same amount of capital;the differential rent refers to the conversion of the excess profit obtained by the digital platform enterprise from the user.s enterprises using the platform.s products or services;the monopoly rent refers to the rent obtained by the platform enterprise through increasing monopoly price by virtue of its monopoly position. Since different types of income and rent have different effects on social reproduction,they need to be treated differently. In the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics,the operation of digital platform enterprises cannot blindly follow the logic of capital proliferation and accumulation,the government needs to take into account the promotion of development and regulatory norms. Specifically,it can be considered to allow digital platform enterprises to obtain average profit,adjust differential rent appropriately,and limit monopoly rent strictly as regulatory principles.