论简帛医书中的“阴气”

On“Yīn Qì”from Bamboo and Silk Medical Manuscripts

分析简帛医书中的“阴气”含义,认为马王堆医书《天下至道谈》中的“阴气”当释为“阴器之气”,专指男阴之气,并由此推测张家山汉简《引书》中的“阴气”与此含义相同,且“阴气”的这一含义与房中术关系密切。《天下至道谈》中“阴气”的相关内容也出现在《素问·阴阳应象大论》中,由于历史原因二者文本语境的不同,其概念内涵在后世被逐渐泛化、改变。后世注家认为此处的“阴气”指五脏阴气、真阴、肾气等;朱丹溪据“年四十阴气自半”之说,提出“阳有余阴不足”论,发展了“阴气”相关理论,而其节房室、养阴气的观点,又与简帛医书和《素问·阴阳应象大论》中对“阴气”的认识暗合;张介宾进一步提倡真阴之说。纵观“阴气”概念内涵的这些变迁,反映出中医学理论不断深化和变化的过程。

The article analyzed the meaning of“Yīn Qì阴气”in bamboo and silk medical manuscripts,and held that the“Yīn Qì”from the Mawangdui manuscript of“Tiān XiàZhìDào Tán《天下至道谈》”(Remarks on World’s Ultimate Taos)should be interpreted as Qi of the reproductive organ,or specifically refer to Qi of male genitalia,thus speculating that the“Yīn Qì”from Zhangjiashan Han slips of“Yǐn Shū《引书》”(The Book of Daoyin)was of the same meaning and closed related to sexual intercourse.The relevant contents of“Yīn Qì”from Tiān XiàZhìDào Tán can be seen in the“Yīn-Yáng Yìng Xiàng DàLùn of SùWèn《素问·阴阳应象大论》”(Discourse on Yin-Yang and Manifestations of Plain Questions).Due to different contexts for“Yīn Qì”in the two books,the connotations of the concept have been gradually generalized and evolved historically.Later commentators believed that it referred to the Yin-qi of five viscera,genuine Yin-qi,or Kidney-qi,etc.On the basis of“Yin Qi will be lack of its half from the age of 40”,Zhu Danxi made theoretical development and put forward the theory of“Yang Surplus with Yin Insufficiency”,whose views of restraining desires to nourish Yin-qi were implicitly consistent with the understanding of“Yīn Qì”in medical manuscripts and the Yin-Yang Ying Xiang Da Lun.Zhang Jiebin further advocated the theory of genuine Yin.The developing connotations on the concept of“Yīn Qì”reflect the continuous process of theoretical evolution of Traditional Chinese medicine.