大学生控制感对状态焦虑的影响

Effect of perceived control on state anxiety in college students

目的:探讨大学生控制感和焦虑水平之间的关系。方法:选取474名大学生(试验1),使用状态-特质焦虑量表(STAI)和控制感问卷(SCQ)进行评估,探讨特质焦虑、状态焦虑以及控制感的关系;另外招募50名大学生(试验2)随机分为控制感维持组和剥夺组,通过概念判断任务进行2(控制感类型:维持、剥夺)×2(测量阶段:基线、任务后测)混合试验设计,探讨不同控制感类型的状态焦虑特点。结果:试验1中,控制感得分与特质焦虑、状态焦虑得分均负相关(r=-0.55、-0.46,均P<0.001);试验2中,控制感维持组基线的状态焦虑得分高于任务后测(P<0.001),剥夺组基线的状态焦虑得分低于任务后测(P<0.01);控制感维持组在任务后测的状态焦虑得分低于剥夺组(P<0.01)。结论:大学生的焦虑程度与控制感有关,控制感维持可以减少个体状态焦虑,而控制感剥夺增加个体状态焦虑。

Objective:To explore the relationship between perceived control and anxiety,and explore the effect of different types of perceived control on state anxiety.Methods:Totally 474 college students(experiment 1)were assessed with State-trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI)and Sense of Control Questionnaire(SCQ)to evaluate the level of trait anxiety,state anxiety,and perceived control respectively.Fifty college students(experiment 2)were re-cruited and randomly divided into control maintenance and control deprivation.Experiment 2conducted a mixed ex-perimental design and manipulated the type of perceived control(maintenance vs.deprivation)by the concept iden-tification task and measure session(baseline Vs.post-test)to explore the effect of different types of perceived con-trol on state anxiety.Results:In experiment 1,the perceived control scores were negatively correlated with the scores of trait anxiety and state anxiety(r=-0.55,-0.46,Ps<0.001),respectively.In experiment 2,state anxie-ty scores of control maintenance group were higher at baseline than in the post-test(P<0.001),but state anxiety scores of control deprivation group were lower at baseline than in the post-test(P<0.01).Moreover,the state anxi-ety scores in the post-test were lower in the control maintenance group than in the control deprivation group(P<0.01).Conclusion:The levels of anxiety are related to perceived control in college students,and control mainte-nance produces a decrease,but control deprivation produces an increase of state anxiety.