父辈社会地位对城乡居民收入差距的影响研究

A Study on the Influence of Paternal Social Status on the Income Gap between Urban and Rural Residents

本文基于2011-2017年中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据,通过实证分析父辈社会地位对城乡居民收入差距的影响,并将样本划分为东部样本、中部样本和西部样本分析父辈社会地位对城乡居民收入差距影响的异质性.并且,以子代教育作为中介变量,考察了父辈社会地位对城乡居民收入差距的影响机制及影响程度.研究结果表明:第一,父辈社会地位越高对城乡居民收入差距的扩大作用越强,反之越弱,且城市父辈社会地位对城乡居民收入差距的影响大于乡村父辈社会地位对城乡居民收入差距的影响.第二,父辈社会地位对城乡居民收入差距的影响在东中西地区存在异质性,从东到西父辈社会地位对城乡居民收入差距的影响依次增大.第三,子代教育在父辈社会地位对城乡居民收入差距的影响中发挥着中介效应,父辈社会地位会提升子代的受教育水平,一定程度上可以缩小城乡居民收入差距.因此,应改革户籍制度,改善就业环境,大力发展经济,合理分配教育资源,提升平均受教育水平,扩大义务教育的年限和范围,将教育资源向乡村地区倾斜,提升乡村地区人力资本水平,进而缩小城乡居民收入差距.

Based on the data of China General Social Survey(CGSS)Issue from 2011-2017,this paper empirically analyzes the influence of paternal social status on the income gap between urban and rural residents,and divides the samples into eastern,central and western samples to analyze the heterogeneity of the influence of paternal social status on the income gap between urban and rural residents.In addition,using offspring education as a mediating variable,we examined the mechanism and degree of influence of paternal social status on income disparity between urban and rural residents.The results of the study show that:Firstly,the higher the social status of the father's generation,the greater the widening effect on the income gap between urban and rural residents,and vice versa.The influence of the social status of the urban father on the income gap between urban and rural residents is greater than that of the rural father.Secondly,the effect of paternal social status on the income gap between urban and rural residents is heterogeneous in the eastern,central and western regions.From east to west,the effect of paternal social status on the income gap between urban and rural residents increased in order.Thirdly,the education of offspring played a mediating effect on the influence of paternal social status on the income gap between urban and rural residents.The paternal social status enhanced the education level of offspring,which can reduce the income gap between urban and rural residents to a certain extent.Therefore,we should reform the household registration system,improve the employment environment,vigorously develop the economy,reasonably allocate education resources,raise the average level of education,expand the number of years and scope of compulsory education,tilt the education resources to rural areas,raise the level of human capital in rural areas,and thus narrowing the income gap between urban and rural residents.