弹性力学探究式案例教学的设计与实践

Design and practice of research-oriented teaching case in elastic mechanics

在国家“金课”建设的背景下,探究式教学既要强调“教”与“学”的统一,又要重视“教”与“研”的融合,现已成为高等教育教学改革的关注热点。在力学课程中融入探究式教学,能够更好地激发学生的学习热情和创新精神,加深对所学知识的理解和掌握,同时更加关注力学知识的工程应用。弹性力学是工科本科生中难度较高的课程之一,其本质是在给定的边界条件下求解基本方程,即偏微分方程组的边值问题,而弹性力学求解的难点在于难以满足边界条件。为此,在弹性力学课程的教学实践中,以圣维南原理及其应用这一基本教学内容为例,开展了探究式案例教学的设计与实践。通过对基本教学内容中的基本概念、基本问题和基本方法的深入阐述和延拓,并结合典型工程实例,探讨了在不同的局部边界上如何有效理解和灵活应用圣维南原理。教学实践的效果表明,在力学课程中开展探究性案例教学,使学生更加深刻地领悟力学原理的实质及其应用的灵活性,进而感受力学之美。

Under the background of national “golden course” construction, research-oriented teaching not only emphasizes the unity of “teaching” and “learning”, but also attaches importance to the integration of “teaching” and “research”, which has become the focus of teaching reform in higher education at present. Incorporating research-oriented teaching into mechanics courses can better stimulate students’ learning enthusiasm and innovative spirit, deepen their understanding and mastery of knowledge, and pay more attention to the engineering application of mechanics knowledge. Elasticity is one of the most difficult courses for engineering undergraduates. Its essence is to solve the boundary value problem of partial differential equations under given boundary conditions. However, the difficulty of solving elastic mechanics is that it is greatly difficult to satisfy the boundary conditions. Therefore, in the teaching practice of elastic mechanics, taking Saint Venant’s principle and its application as an example, the design and practice of research-oriented teaching case are implemented. Through the in-depth elaboration and extension of the basic concepts, basic problems and basic methods in the basic teaching contents, combined with typical engineering examples, how to effectively understand and flexibly apply Saint Venant’s principle in different local boundaries is discussed in this study. The effect of teaching practice shows that carrying out research-oriented teaching in mechanics courses can enable students to more deeply understand the essence of mechanics and the flexibility of its application, and then feel the beauty of mechanics.