汽车前轴成形模具磨损行为的实验与数值模拟研究

Experimental and numerical simulation study on wear behavior of forming die for automobile front axle beam

为了提高模具的耐磨性和服役寿命,并为模具选材优化提供参考,研究了5CrNiMo、AISI H13和SDDM这3种热锻模具钢的高温磨损特性,分析其潜在的磨损失效机理。基于高温摩擦磨损实验,建立Archard磨损模型,采用有限元方法研究了模具预热温度、锻造速率和模具材料等关键因素对汽车前轴辊锻模具磨损的影响。结果表明:300~500℃时SDDM钢主要发生磨粒磨损、黏着磨损和氧化磨损;相对于5CrNiMo钢和AISI H13钢,在相同条件下SDDM钢的磨损失重和磨损率最小,具有最佳的高温耐磨性。当模具选材为SDDM钢、预热温度为150℃、锻造速率为15 r·min^(-1)时,模具磨损水平最低,最大磨损深度由5.7×10^(-5) mm下降至2.93×10^(-5) mm,磨损幅度降低约48.6%。

In order to improve the wear resistance and service life of die,and provide reference for the optimization of die material selection,the high temperature friction characteristic for three types of hot forging die steels including 5CrNiMo,AISI H13 and SDDM were researched,meanwhile the potential wear failure mechanism was analyzed.According to the high temperature friction wear experiment,the Archard wear model was constructed,then the influences of the key foctors such as die pre-heating temperature,forging rate and die material on the die wear of automobile front axle beam roll-forging was studied by finite element method.The results show that the SDDM steel mainly suffers from abrasive wear,adhesive wear and oxidation wear at 300-500℃;compared with 5CrNiMo steel and AISI H13 steel,the wear weight loss and wear rate of SDDM steel at the same conditions are the least,which indicates that SDDM steel has the best high temperature wear resistance.When the die material is SDDM steel,the pre-heating temperature is 150℃and the forging rate is 15 r·min^(-1),the die wear reaches the lowest level and the maximum wear depth of die is reduced by 48.6%,namely decreasing from 5.7×10^(-5) mm to 2.93×10^(-5) mm.