银行业竞争、信贷配置效率与风险承担

Banking Competition, Credit Allocation Efficiency and Risk-Taking

在当前金融部门资金空转和实体部门融资困境并存的背景下,如何调整银行体系布局并促进其在有效支持实体经济发展的同时防范和化解金融风险,是深化金融供给侧结构性改革的重要命题。基于2007—2019年中国城市商业银行数据,并结合金融业分支机构信息,考察了银行业竞争对银行自身风险承担的影响及作用机制。研究发现:银行业竞争水平的提高有效促进了信贷资金配置的优化调整,进而抑制了银行风险的集聚。进一步研究发现,在经济发展水平较落后的中西部地区以及货币紧缩和经济低迷时期,同时对于规模较小和收益率较低的银行个体,银行竞争的作用效果都更为显著。

Under the background of the coexistence of idle funds in the financial sector and financing difficulties in the real sector, how to adjust the layout of the banking system and promote it to prevent and resolve financial risks while it effectively supporting the development of the real economy is an important issue to deepen the structural reform on the financial supply side. Based on the data of China’s city commercial banks from 2007 to 2019 and combined with the information of financial branches, this article explores the impact of banking competition on the risk of bank and the mechanism of its functioning. The study found that the improvement of the level of banking competition can promote the optimization of the allocation of credit funds, and then inhibit the accumulation of the risk of banks. Further research found that the banking competition can better inhibit the rise of risk of bank in the central and western regions with backward economic development level, as well as in the period of monetary tightening and economic downturn. Mean while, for small-scale and low-yield banks, the effect of banking competition is more prominent.