资本主义金融化视域下美国经济治理的失灵

The Failure of American Economic Governance from the Perspective of Capitalist Financialization

20世纪中后期以来,资本主义金融化成为以美国为核心的现代资本主义体系发展的重要趋势,“脱实向虚”更成为当代美国过度金融化的重要表现。在全球化大背景下,美国主导的金融资本更是以金融创新之名扩大了对全球劳动力剩余价值的攫取,导致实体经济衰退、贫富分化加剧、社会矛盾激化等问题愈演愈烈。为缓解此危机,美国政府近年来对内推行“再工业化”战略以发展产业资本,调整社会再分配以减缓贫富差距;对外奉行“美国优先”外交政策以重建世界霸权。而美国内嵌的自我矛盾必然导致其经济治理失灵:“再工业化”战略与美国经济运行基础相冲突;社会再分配消除不了贫富分化产生的根源;美国的世界霸权缺乏道义合法性,产生信任危机。据此分析,美国经济治理失灵必然长期存在,重建美国的世界霸权也必然难以实现。

Since the middle and late twentieth century, the financialization of capitalism has become an important trend in the development of the modern capitalist system with the United States as the core. “Deviating from the real to the virtual” has become an important manifestation of the excessive financialization of the contemporary United States. In the context of globalization, the financial capital led by the United States has expanded the grab of the global labor surplus value in the name of financial innovation, leading to the recession of the real economy, the intensified differentiation between the rich and the poor, and the intensification of social contradictions. In order to alleviate this crisis, the US government has implemented a “re-industrialization” strategy internally to develop industrial capital, adjusted social redistribution to reduce the gap between the rich and the poor, and pursued an “America First” foreign policy to rebuild world hegemony in recent years. However, the self-contradiction embedded in American capitalism will inevitably lead to the failure of the US government’s economic governance: the strategy of “reindustrialization” conflicts with the foundation of the US economy operation;social redistribution cannot eliminate the source of the polarization between the rich and the poor;the lack of moral legitimacy of the US world hegemony has created a crisis of trust. Based on this analysis, the failure of American economic governance will inevitably exist for a long time, and it will inevitably be difficult to rebuild the world hegemony of the United States.