长江流域干旱灾害风险分布特征分析

Study on the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of drought disasters in the Yangtze River basin

长江流域作为典型的湿润-半湿润区,干旱灾害时空分布特征较为复杂。为了分析长江流域干旱灾害风险分布特征,基于1990-2020年多源旱情灾情统计数据资料,采用干旱灾害风险评估方法对农业干旱、因旱人饮以及综合风险进行分析。结果表明长江流域不同地区的农业干旱灾害风险空间分布呈现出较大的差异性,四川、湖南、湖北、江西和云南等省部分区(县)风险等级偏高;因旱人饮困难高/中高风险区主要集中在贵州、湖北、湖南、四川和重庆等省(直辖市)部分区(县),主要分布在水利设施薄弱的山区;干旱灾害综合风险空间分布显示四川盆地、滇中高原、黔中地区、衡邵干旱走廊、吉泰盆地、鄂北岗地和鄂中丘陵区、湘南地区等传统干旱区普遍风险等级较高,与2022年长江流域干旱严重区域相吻合。

As a typical humid-semi humid area,the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of drought disasters in the Yangtze River basin are complicated.In order to analyze the risk distribution characteristics of drought disasters in the Yangtze River basin,based on the multi-source statistical data of drought disasters from 1990 to 2020,the method of drought disaster risk assessment was used to analyze agricultural drought,drinking water difficulty and comprehensive risks.The results show that the spatial distribution of agricultural drought disaster risk in different regions of the Yangtze River basin is quite different,and the risk level of some districts and counties in Sichuan,Hunan,Hubei,Jiangxi and Yunnan provinces is on the high side;High/medium high risk areas of drinking water difficulty due to drought are mainly concentrated in Guizhou,Hubei,Hunan,Sichuan provinces and Chongqing City,and mainly distributed in mountainous areas with weak water facilities;The spatial distribution of drought disaster comprehensive risk shows that the general risk level of traditional arid areas such as Sichuan basin,central Yunnan plateau,central Guizhou,Heng Shao Drought corridor,Jitai basin,northern Hubei hillock,central Hubei hilly area,and southern Hunan is high,which is consistent with the severe drought area of the Yangtze River basin in 2022.