半乳糖凝集素1的生物学功能及其在鹿茸再生过程中的作用研究进展

Research Progress on the Biological Function of Galectin-1 and Its Role in Deer Antler Regeneration

半乳糖凝集素1(galectin-1,GAL-1)是一种分子质量约为14 ku的β-半乳糖苷结合蛋白,分布于许多不同类型的细胞和组织中,在细胞内外均具有广泛的生物学活性,参与调节多种生理病理过程。GAL-1以剂量依赖性和细胞特异性双向调控细胞增殖,通过血管内皮生长因子受体2(vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2,VEGFR2)途径促进血管的生成,参与机体的免疫调节,诱导T细胞凋亡、抑制T细胞增殖和抗原递呈细胞活化等。此外,GAL-1被认为是多种类型肿瘤的标志物,肿瘤细胞通过分泌GAL-1促进肿瘤内的血管生成和自身免疫逃逸。鹿茸是指鹿科动物头部衍生的未骨化密生茸毛的幼角,也是在自然界哺乳动物中迄今为止发现的唯一可实现周期性完全再生的骨质附属器官。鹿茸的再生是基于鹿茸干细胞增殖的过程,GAL-1在鹿茸干细胞中表达,并且鹿茸的再生过程与GAL-1生物学功能息息相关。然而,GAL-1在鹿茸再生过程中所扮演的角色仍待深入研究。作者综述了GAL-1的结构、生物学功能及其在鹿茸再生过程中的作用,以期为GAL-1和鹿茸再生机制的研究带来新的启示。

Galectin-1(GAL-1) is a β-galactoside-binding protein with a molecular mass of about 14 ku, which is distributed in many different types of cells and tissues, and has a wide range of intracellular and extracellular biological activity, involved in the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes.GAL-1 regulates cell proliferation in a dose-dependent and cell-specific bidirectional manner, promotes angiogenesis through the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(VEGFR2) pathway, participates in the immune regulation of the body, induces T cell apoptosis, inhibits T cell proliferation and antigen-presenting cell activation.In addition, GAL-1 is considered as a marker of various types of tumors, and tumor cells secrete GAL-1 to promote angiogenesis and autoimmune escape in tumors.Deer antler is the unossified and young horns with densely hairy derived from the head of the deer, and it is also the only bone appendage that can achieve periodic holomorphosis in mammals.The regeneration of deer antler is based on the process of deer antler stem cells proliferation. GAL-1 is overexpressed in deer antler stem cells, and the regeneration process of deer antler is closely related to the biological function of GAL-1.However, the role of GAL-1 in deer antler regeneration remains to be further investigated.The authors reviewed the protein structure and biological functions of GAL-1,as well as its role in the regeneration of deer antler, and hopes to bring new enlightenment to the study of the function of GAL-1 and the mechanism of deer antler regeneration.