黑水虻对猪禽肠道健康和肠道菌群影响的研究进展

Research Advances of Hermetia illucens on Intestinal Health and Microflora in Pigs and Poultry

近年来,饲料蛋白质原料价格持续走高,中国饲料蛋白质原料紧缺并且长期依赖进口。因此,寻找并开发新型的蛋白质源已成为当前解决饲料蛋白原料紧缺的研究热点。黑水虻(Hermetia illucens L.)是一种双翅目水虻科的营腐生性昆虫,可将有机废弃物快速转化成为高附加值生物物质,具有饲养成本低、繁殖速度快、产出高的明显优势,其含有丰富的氨基酸、抗菌肽(antimicrobial peptides, AMPs)和几丁质等多种生物活性物质,其蛋白质和脂肪含量高,因而有望成为高质量动物饲料。大量研究表明,黑水虻部分替代饲料蛋白质成分可有效增强动物机体免疫和抗氧化能力,同时通过正向调节肠道有益微生物种群及增加菌群丰度的方式,起到改善动物肠道健康的作用,其作为一种颇具前景的蛋白质饲料原料有望为畜牧养殖业找到新的突破口。作者简述了黑水虻的营养特性、主要活性成分,系统总结了饲粮中添加黑水虻对猪禽肠道屏障、免疫机能及肠道菌群影响的最新研究进展,并对黑水虻今后的研究思路及发展方向进行了展望,以期为黑水虻的进一步开发研究和在动物养殖生产中的推广应用提供参考依据。

In recent years, the price of feed protein raw materials has continued to rise, and China is in short supply of feed protein raw materials and relies on imports for a long time.Therefore, finding and developing new protein sources has become a research hotspot to solve the shortage of feed protein raw materials.Hermetia illucens is a kind of saprophytic insect of diptera, Stratiomyidae family.It can transform organic waste into biological matter with high added value quickly, and has obvious advantages of low breeding cost, fast breeding speed and high output.It is rich in amino acids, antimicrobial peptides(AMPs),chitin and other bioactive substances, and its high proportion of protein and fat content lays a foundation for it to be a high-quality animal feed.A large number of studies have shown that Hermetia illucens partly replaces feed protein composition can effectively enhance animal immune and antioxidant capacity, at the same time through positive regulating intestinal beneficial microbial population and increase the way bacteria abundance, have the effect of improving animal intestinal health, as a kind of promising protein feed raw materials is expected to find a new breakthrough for animal husbandry and aquaculture.The authors have briefly described nutrition characteristic and main active ingredient of Hermetia illucens,systematically summarized the latest research progress on the effects of feeding Hermetia illucens on intestinal barrier, immune function and intestinal flora of pigs and poultry.The future research ideas and development direction of Hermetia illucens are prospected, in order to provide references for the further development and research of Hermetia illucens and its popularization and application in animal breeding production.