宫腔菌群调控宫腔微环境影响胚胎着床的研究进展

Research Progress of Intrauterine Flora Regulating Intrauterine Microenvironment and Affecting Embryo Implantation

目前研究表明女性生殖道微生物群在维持正常妊娠和影响生殖结局方面起着重要的作用。正常宫腔菌群(宫腔共生菌群)可维持宫腔内环境稳态,为胚胎着床提供良好的条件,然而其与宿主在胚胎着床期的相互作用机制仍知之甚少。当宫腔共生菌群发生紊乱时,可能通过破坏抗菌屏障、引起免疫细胞失衡、促进炎症因子释放以及产生异常代谢产物等改变宫腔微环境,进而降低子宫内膜容受性导致胚胎着床失败。因此,研究宿主-微生物群之间的相互作用以及异常的宫腔菌群对局部子宫内膜微环境生理和功能的影响具有重要意义。综述正常宫腔共生菌群的构成、不孕症患者宫腔菌群特征及宫腔菌群与宿主在胚胎着床期的相互作用机制,以期为今后研究宫腔菌群在胚胎着床中的作用提供新的思路。

At present,many studies show that the microbiome of female genital tract plays a vital role in maintaining normal pregnancy and influencing reproductive outcomes.Normal intrauterine flora(intrauterine symbiotic flora)can maintain the homeostasis of intrauterine environment and provide good conditions for embryo implantation.However,the mechanism of its interaction with the host during embryo implantation is still poorly understood.When the intrauterine symbiotic flora is disordered,it may change the intrauterine microenvironment by destroying the antibacterial barrier,causing immune cell imbalance,promoting the release of inflammatory factors and producing abnormal metabolites,so as to reduce the endometrial receptivity and lead to embryo implantation failure.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the interaction between host and microbiome and the influence of abnormal intrauterine flora on the physiology and function of local endometrial microenvironment.In this article,we summarized the composition of normal intrauterine symbiotic flora,the characteristics of intrauterine flora in infertile patients and the interaction mechanism between intrauterine flora and host during embryo implantation periods,in order to provide new ideas for further studies about intrauterine flora in embryo implantation in the future.