论中国当代小说死亡叙事的相对主义价值倾向与限度——以《云中记》和《文城》为中心

On the Relativism Value Tendency and Limit of Death Narration in Contemporary Chinese Novels:Centering on Records in Yunzhong Village and Wen Cheng A Novel

《云中记》中的阿巴之死和《文城》中的小美之死在本质上都是自戕。二者在文化背景、日常人情、生活逻辑等方面都存在一定的不合理性,这与叙事者对于二者之死所持的价值立场形成矛盾冲突,成为值得关注和剔析的文本症候。“万物有灵”论、“来世”转生观这些“神性浪漫主义”思想让阿巴和小美诗化了死亡,帮助他们克服、超脱了死亡之恶,同时也诗化、浪漫化、神圣化了他们自身的死亡。这种“神性浪漫主义”式的死亡书写所体现出的相对主义生死观,实则是对生命价值的贬低;这样的死亡叙事营构出悲情,但同时也是对悲情得以继续升华为悲剧感的过程的打断,在某种意义上损害了小说的艺术价值。

The death of Abba in Records in Yunzhong Village and the death of Xiao Mei in Wen Cheng A Novel are both suicides in nature.Based on both suicides,some irrationalities are analyzed in their respective cultural background,daily human relations,life logic and other aspects;these irrationalities are contradictory to the narrator's value,therefore,constitutes the confli ct of the story,which becomes textual symptoms worthy of attention and analysis.The"divine romanticism"of"animism"and"afterlife"reincarnation made Abba and Xiao Mei poeticize death,helping them overcome and get rid of the evil of death,and at the same time poeticized,romanticized and sanctified their own death.The relativism view of life and death reflected in the death writing of"divine romanticism"is actually the devaluation of the value of life.This kind of death narration writes the sad feeling,but it also interrupts the process of sublimating the sad feeling into the sense of tragedy,which damages the artistic value of the novel in a sense.