从“燓”字看汉语字词关系的判定

Relationship Judgment Between Chinese Characters and Words Looking from"Fen(燓)"

据字音实际和字形讹变、假借通例等推知,南北朝隋唐五代出土文献中的27例“燓”及其异体的来源有四种可能,无唯一性,这与当时小学类文献所载基本相合。但据用字实际,出土文献中的“燓”及其异体既非本有其字,也非来自“燔”,而是源自“焚”,具体发展路径有两种可能。据此认为考察汉语字词关系,既需考察形、音、义的契合程度和时人的观点,有时又需考察字词的实际使用情况。

According from the truth of pronunciation,character erroneous transformation and the general examples in phonetic loan characters,there are 4 possible resources of the 27 examples and its variants of Fen(燓)in unearthed documents in Southern and Northern Dynasties,Sui,Tang and Five Dynasties.That means no uniqueness which is anastomotic with the record of Chinese literature.However,according from the fact of character using examples,there is no original form of Fen(燓)and its variants in unearthed documents,or originated of Fan(燔).The origin is probably the character“焚”which specific paths are 2 possibilities.From this process,to observe the relationship between Chinese characters and words,we should not only research the academic opinions of that time and the coincidence with the character,pronunciation and meaning,but also sometimes research the real using situation of characters and words.