基于运行成本和水权水量的灌区两部制水价核算

Two-part Water Price Accounting for Irrigation Area Based on Operating Costs and Water Volume of Water Rights

灌溉水价核算可为灌溉水价定价和政府补贴提供科学依据,对保障国家粮食安全、促进灌区良性运行和提高农业用水效率具有重要意义。以陕西省宝鸡峡灌区为研究区,以农业水权水量为控制,从成本-收益理论出发,基于灌区固定运行成本和可变运行成本构建了基本水价和计量水价的两部制灌溉水价核算模型;根据灌区水权水量、种植结构和灌溉定额确定了阶梯用水量节点,并以节约用水为目标,建立了节水水价、常规水价和超量水价三档阶梯计量水价模型。结果表明:宝鸡峡灌区基本用水量、节约用水量和常规用水量节点分别为 686、1 841 和 2 419 m^(3)/hm^(2),相应的基本水价、节水水价、常规水价和超量水价分别为 409.99 元/hm^(2)、0.405 元/m^(3)、0.598 元/m^(3)和 0.986 元/m^(3)。研究可以为陕西省大型灌区制定科学合理的农业水价提供参考。

Irrigation water price accounting can provide a scientific basis for irrigation water pricing and government subsidies,and is of great significance to ensuring national food security,promoting the healthy operation of irrigation areas and improving agricultural water use efficiency. Taking Baojixia Irrigation District in Shaanxi Province as the research area,with agricultural water volume of water rights as the control,starting from the cost-benefit theory,based on the fixed operating cost and variable operating cost of the irrigation area,this paper constructs a two-part irrigation water price accounting model with basic water price and metered water price. According to the water volume of water rights,planting structure and irrigation quota in the irrigation area,the stepped water consumption nodes are determined,and with the goal of saving water,a three-level stepped water price billing model is established with water-saving water price,conventional water price and excess water price. The results show that the basic water consumption,saving-water consumption and conventional water consumption nodes of Baojixia Irrigation Area are 686,1 841 and 2 419 m^(3)/hm~2respectively,and the basic water price,water-saving water price,conventional water price and excess water price are 409.99 yuan/hm^(2),0.405 yuan/m^(3),0.598 yuan/m^(3)and 0.986 yuan/m^(3)respectively. The research can provide a reference for the formulation of scientific and reasonable agricultural water prices in large-scale irrigation areas in Shaanxi Province.