经学的数术化与数术的经学化——以汉代《洪范》五行学为中心

The Mathematicalization of Confucian Classics and the Confucian-Classicalization of Mathematics——Centered on the Study of the Five-element in Hong Fan from the Han Dynasty

与“六艺”之学一样,数术具有悠久的知识传统,并在晚周的书面化进程中建立起一定的系统性,其中一部分更从有司所职的专门之学演变为具有社会影响的公共知识。以京氏《易》学、《洪范》五行学、齐《诗》翼氏学和《春秋》公羊学为代表的汉代经传将数术知识融入传统经传的阐释之中,从先秦儒学的立场来看,这导致汉代经学数术化的发展倾向;但从数术知识的立场看,则表现为一种经学化的发展历程。从后一视角出发,考察汉儒本于“六艺”而整合数术的意图、方式与困境,同样是汉代经学史研究的重要维度。

Like the other five arts of the Six Arts(六艺),mathematics had a long intellectual tradition and established a certain systematization during its written process in the Late-Zhou Dynasty,part of which evolved from a specialized study governed by officials to public knowledge with social influence.The Interpretations of Confucian Classics in the Han Dynasty,represented by Jing Fang’s(京房)study of the Book of Change(京氏《易》学),the study of the Five Elements in Hong Fan(《洪范》五行学),Yi Feng’s(翼奉)study of Qi Poetry(齐《诗》翼氏学),and the Gongyang commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals(《春秋》公羊学),integrated mathematical knowledge into the interpretation of traditional Confucian Classics.From the stance of the Pre-Qin Confucianism,this led to a tendency of development for the mathematicalization of Confucian Classics in the Han Dynasty.However,from the stance of mathematical knowledge,it manifested itself as a kind of Confucian-classicalization of heterogeneous knowledge.The study at hand adopts the latter perspective and analyzes the purposes,methods,and dilemmas of Confucianism in the Han dynasty in integrating mathematics based on the Six Arts,which constitutes an important dimension in the research on the history of Confucian Classics in the Han Dynasty.